Measurements to prevent breaking an Arduino (or AVR in general):
Preventing accidentsPrecautions
- Always remove the USB or adapter plug when you make a change in the circuit.
- Check all wires before you switch it on.
- Remove or make sure (temporary) loose wires/jumpers do not touch other components or the Arduino (better take them out or 'park' them somewhere else in the breadboard.
Preventing wanted changes resulting in shortcuts
- Check again the wires/jumpers you just changed/added.
- Make sure no other components/wires/jumpers are touching the Arduino or the breadboard (components).
- Clean your desk (if you have space), so if something metal falls/moves, it does not hurt your Arduino.
- When changing a shield, always check all wiring to and from it, to your Arduino and the components on the shield itself if needed.
Preventing component shortcuts or overpowering
- If you have a wire from a pin to GND or a pin to VSS, always make sure there is either a resistor, or you know why a resistor is not needed. This can also damage directly your Arduino.
- Make sure that every component does not get more power than it can handle.
- More specific: If you have components using 3.3V, make sure they don't get 5V.
- If you have components using 3.3V, make sure they don't get 5V.
Preventing too much heat
- Do not just put an Arduino in some case/enclosure ... heat may destroy it, so check before there is enough cooling, add a fan, heatsink or make holes in the enclosure.
- If you connect any power source other than USB, check again if it does not generate unnecessary much heat. Unused voltage will generate much heat.
Preventing static electricity
- Do not touch components when not needed
- If you touch components, make sure you are discharged (touch a radiator, use a wrist band, use an ESD mat, touch grounded wire).
Preventing trivial mistakes
- Do not keep drinks next to your Arduino or breadboard (or if you, keep it on the other side).
- Watch out for heavy cables not dragging your Arduino from the table/desk ... a USB cable can easily drag an Arduino down.
- Watch out when you change cables, not to pull your Arduino from the table/desk.
- Keep animals (and people too, to your own judgement) away from your electronics project.