OK, I am unable to leave a comment (< 50) so...
Use this link to learn about the AREF pin on the Arduino, this may not be your problem but it is good to know about anyway: what is arduino adc reference?
Your pot MAY be broken. Measure the resistance of the pot with an ohm meter, from the center pin to either of the side pins. Verify when you turn it the resistance varies from 10K to 0.
You can also measure the voltage it is providing your Arduino by measuring the voltage it presents to pin A0. Verify the voltage changes little by little from +5 to 0 when you turn it back and forth.
You list the pot as being a "bourns 3296" which the data sheets show as a "Multiturn / Cermet / Industrial / Sealed" pot.
Just so you know, when you adjust it you will have to turn it 25 turnes to fully adjust it through its entire range. The data sheet shows "Effective Travel.........25 turns nom."