I have an authentic Arduino UNO, but I didn't want to pay full price for a new one to build semi perminate projects, so I bought a few ATMEGA328P-PU chips off of AliExpress:

https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1pcs-lot-ATMEGA328P-PU-CHIP-ATMEGA328-Microcontroller-MCU-AVR-32K-20MHz-FLASH-DIP-28/32346944696.html

But when I try to use Arduino IDE to upload the sketch to the new chips, I get these errors:

avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00

It happens 10 times and quits.

It works fine when I put the original chip back in.

If anyone has any experience with this I'd be very grateful!

EDIT:

Trying the burn bootloader steps, and I'm getting a new error.

Steps I took:

I'm doing the 8MHz option, and so I downloaded the breadboard-1-6-x.zip file. (I'm using Arduino IDE 1.6.5 on Mac).

I uploaded the ArduinoISP example to my working chip, then wired it up to the breadboard as per the picture.

I switched the programmer to Arduino as ISP and set the board to ATMEGA328 on breadboard (8MHz clock)

I went to tools>burn bootloader, and got this error:

Arduino: 1.6.5 (Mac OS X), Board: "ATmega328 on a breadboard (8 MHz internal clock)"

/Users/andy/Desktop/Arduino.app/Contents/Java/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avrdude -C/Users/andy/Desktop/Arduino.app/Contents/Java/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf -v -patmega328p -cstk500v1 -P/dev/cu.usbmodem411 -b19200 -e -Ulock:w:0x3F:m -Uefuse:w:0x05:m -Uhfuse:w:0xDA:m -Ulfuse:w:0xE2:m

avrdude: Version 6.0.1, compiled on Apr 14 2015 at 16:30:25 Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/ Copyright (c) 2007-2009 Joerg Wunsch

     System wide configuration file is "/Users/andy/Desktop/Arduino.app/Contents/Java/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf"
     User configuration file is "/Users/andy/.avrduderc"
     User configuration file does not exist or is not a regular file, skipping

     Using Port                    : /dev/cu.usbmodem411
     Using Programmer              : stk500v1
     Overriding Baud Rate          : 19200 avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x15
     AVR Part                      : ATmega328P
     Chip Erase delay              : 9000 us
     PAGEL                         : PD7
     BS2                           : PC2
     RESET disposition             : dedicated
     RETRY pulse                   : SCK
     serial program mode           : yes
     parallel program mode         : yes
     Timeout                       : 200
     StabDelay                     : 100
     CmdexeDelay                   : 25
     SyncLoops                     : 32
     ByteDelay                     : 0
     PollIndex                     : 3
     PollValue                     : 0x53
     Memory Detail                 :

                              Block Poll               Page                       Polled
       Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  MaxW   ReadBack
       ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
       eeprom        65    20     4    0 no       1024    4      0  3600  3600 0xff 0xff
       flash         65     6   128    0 yes     32768  128    256  4500  4500 0xff 0xff
       lfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  4500  4500 0x00 0x00
       hfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  4500  4500 0x00 0x00
       efuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  4500  4500 0x00 0x00
       lock           0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  4500  4500 0x00 0x00
       calibration    0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0     0     0 0x00 0x00
       signature      0     0     0    0 no          3    0      0     0     0 0x00 0x00

     Programmer Type : STK500
     Description     : Atmel STK500 Version 1.x firmware

avrdude: stk500_getparm(): (a) protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x14

avrdude: stk500_getparm(): (a) protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x02

avrdude: stk500_getparm(): (a) protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x10 Hardware Version: -1543397124 Firmware Version: 2165568.-1543397124 Topcard : STK502 Vtarget : 1.8 V Varef : 0.0 V Oscillator : Off SCK period : 0.1 us

avrdude: stk500_initialize(): (b) protocol error, expect=0x10, resp=0x01 avrdude: initialization failed, rc=-1 Double check connections and try again, or use -F to override this check.

avrdude: stk500_disable(): protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x10

avrdude done. Thank you.

Problem uploading to board. See http://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Troubleshooting#upload for suggestions.

Making a little progress at least...