KISS! You are over-complicating things. Keep strings as strings. Keep the strings as readonly, not const. Generate the code at build time, possibly using a custom build task, which itself can be compiled in the same build. Here is a quick Python script to give you an idea:
# Python script to generate your code
print('public static class CommandNames')
print('{')
for name, value in open('commands.txt').readlines():
print(' public static readonly string {0} = "{1}";'.format(name, value))
print('{}')
You do not have to stay in Python as I mentioned previously. Powershell or a custom build task will do.
EDIT: There is a more idiomatic way to generate code with Visual Studio -