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Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center
SetDelayed
  • See Also
    • Set
    • TagSetDelayed
    • UpSetDelayed
    • DownValues
    • SubValues
    • Unset
    • Clear
    • RuleDelayed
    • Dynamic
  • Related Guides
    • Defining Variables and Functions
    • Language Overview
    • Wolfram Language Syntax
    • Rules & Patterns
    • Assignments
    • Scoping Constructs
  • Workflows
    • Clear Definitions for Symbols and Functions
    • Find All Defined Functions
  • Tech Notes
    • Immediate and Delayed Definitions
    • See Also
      • Set
      • TagSetDelayed
      • UpSetDelayed
      • DownValues
      • SubValues
      • Unset
      • Clear
      • RuleDelayed
      • Dynamic
    • Related Guides
      • Defining Variables and Functions
      • Language Overview
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      • Find All Defined Functions
    • Tech Notes
      • Immediate and Delayed Definitions

lhs:=rhs

assigns rhs to be the delayed value of lhs. rhs is maintained in an unevaluated form. When lhs appears, it is replaced by rhs, evaluated afresh each time.

Details
Details and Options Details and Options
Examples  
Basic Examples  
Scope  
Left Hand Sides  
Different Kinds of Values  
Applications  
Properties & Relations  
Possible Issues  
Neat Examples  
See Also
Tech Notes
Related Guides
Related Workflows
Related Links
History
Cite this Page
BUILT-IN SYMBOL
  • See Also
    • Set
    • TagSetDelayed
    • UpSetDelayed
    • DownValues
    • SubValues
    • Unset
    • Clear
    • RuleDelayed
    • Dynamic
  • Related Guides
    • Defining Variables and Functions
    • Language Overview
    • Wolfram Language Syntax
    • Rules & Patterns
    • Assignments
    • Scoping Constructs
  • Workflows
    • Clear Definitions for Symbols and Functions
    • Find All Defined Functions
  • Tech Notes
    • Immediate and Delayed Definitions
    • See Also
      • Set
      • TagSetDelayed
      • UpSetDelayed
      • DownValues
      • SubValues
      • Unset
      • Clear
      • RuleDelayed
      • Dynamic
    • Related Guides
      • Defining Variables and Functions
      • Language Overview
      • Wolfram Language Syntax
      • Rules & Patterns
      • Assignments
      • Scoping Constructs
    • Workflows
      • Clear Definitions for Symbols and Functions
      • Find All Defined Functions
    • Tech Notes
      • Immediate and Delayed Definitions

SetDelayed

lhs:=rhs

assigns rhs to be the delayed value of lhs. rhs is maintained in an unevaluated form. When lhs appears, it is replaced by rhs, evaluated afresh each time.

Details

  • SetDelayed has attribute HoldAll, rather than HoldFirst.
  • You can make assignments of the form lhs:=rhs/;test, where test gives conditions for the applicability of each transformation rule. You can make several assignments with the same lhs but different forms of test.
  • lhs:=rhs returns Null if the assignment specified can be performed, and returns $Failed otherwise.

Examples

open all close all

Basic Examples  (1)

Scope  (9)

Left Hand Sides  (4)

A variable defined with SetDelayed is evaluated every time it is used:

Make definitions for special and general cases using immediate and delayed assignments:

Make conditional definitions:

Define a function by several conditional cases:

Different Kinds of Values  (5)

Ownvalues:

Downvalues:

Subvalues:

Upvalues:

Numerical values:

Applications  (3)

Define a procedure that computes a square root with Newton's method:

Perform a calculation on demand and cache the result:

Definitions for unevaluated expressions can implement call-by-name semantics:

The global variable has been modified:

Properties & Relations  (9)

The right side of an immediate definition is evaluated when the definition is made:

The right side of a delayed definition is evaluated each time the definition is used:

The arguments of the left side of a definition are evaluated before the definition is made:

Definitions with the same left side overwrite earlier ones:

The pattern variable is renamed if necessary inside a nested scope:

Delayed assignment introduces a scope that is not affected by global variables:

Immediate assignment does not introduce a scope:

Use a rule to do a transformation to a particular expression:

Use a definition to do a transformation automatically for all expressions involving g:

More specific definitions are put in front of more general ones:

Definition prints definitions associated with a symbol:

Information prints various information about a symbol, including any definitions:

DownValues returns a list of rules corresponding to any downvalues defined:

Use Unset (=.) to clear definitions with a particular left-hand side:

Clear any definitions, but not attributes:

Use ClearAll to clear attributes, too:

Possible Issues  (4)

Omitting the _ defines a transformation only for a literal value, rather than a function:

Using delayed definitions may have unexpected consequences:

The definition actually made and its behavior:

Use Evaluate to force evaluation of the right-hand side:

Or use Set to force evaluation of the right-hand side:

An iterative runaway definition:

By providing a base case, the iteration terminates:

A recursive runaway definition:

By providing a base case, the recursion terminates:

Neat Examples  (1)

Dynamic programming for the Fibonacci sequence:

New definitions have been added during the calculation:

See Also

Set  TagSetDelayed  UpSetDelayed  DownValues  SubValues  Unset  Clear  RuleDelayed  Dynamic

Tech Notes

    ▪
  • Immediate and Delayed Definitions

Related Guides

    ▪
  • Defining Variables and Functions
  • ▪
  • Language Overview
  • ▪
  • Wolfram Language Syntax
  • ▪
  • Rules & Patterns
  • ▪
  • Assignments
  • ▪
  • Scoping Constructs

Related Workflows

    Related Workflows
    ▪
  • Clear Definitions for Symbols and Functions
  • ▪
  • Find All Defined Functions

Related Links

  • Fast Introduction for Programmers: Assignments
  • Fast Introduction for Programmers: Function Definitions
  • An Elementary Introduction to the Wolfram Language : Immediate and Delayed Values

History

Introduced in 1988 (1.0)

Wolfram Research (1988), SetDelayed, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetDelayed.html.

Text

Wolfram Research (1988), SetDelayed, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetDelayed.html.

CMS

Wolfram Language. 1988. "SetDelayed." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetDelayed.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (1988). SetDelayed. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetDelayed.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_setdelayed, author="Wolfram Research", title="{SetDelayed}", year="1988", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetDelayed.html}", note=[Accessed: 30-November-2025]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2025_setdelayed, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={SetDelayed}, year={1988}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetDelayed.html}, note=[Accessed: 30-November-2025]}

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