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    "normally RAID 5 & 6 are hot swappable" - that's entirely dependent on the chassis hardware Commented Oct 4, 2023 at 15:59
  • @roaima I have never worked on a RAID 5 or 6 system where the drives where not hot swappable. The instructions I gave are for non-hot swappable systems. Commented Oct 4, 2023 at 16:12
  • The reason I asked is that before I posted this, I did a decent amount of net searching regarding replacing failed drives in an mdadm array, and pretty much all of the articles I found recommend the copy and replace method, but that was for a single drive. The aim was apparently to reduce stress on the array during a rebuild. While my hardware does support hot swapping, I wasn't sure how the software would handle it. I can unmount the array and make copies of both failing drives simultaneously which I thought might be faster than having the array rebuild itself. Commented Oct 4, 2023 at 17:08
  • @Swechsler My experience as a Linux sys admin, says that if you have hot swappable drives you should replace them one at a time. I have never used mdadm. I am experienced with ZFS and NetApp storage systems. I have a asustor at home. It looks like mdadm is a software RAID. Can you in the software remove the hard drive from the RAID and then add a new into the RAID. As your drives are not at failure and you just have errors you have time. Again I would replace one drive at a time so you have better system performance during the change over. Commented Oct 4, 2023 at 23:58