Python 3.6.5 on Linux, 90 bytes

h=hash;lambda f:h(f(.0869))%3%2*"a"+["tan","sin","cos"][h(f(.14864))%3]+h(f(.511))%5%2*"h"

Like orlp's answer, it uses the functions from Python's built-in cmath module as input.

Python 3.6.5 on Linux, 90 85 bytes

h=hash;lambda f:h(f(.0869))%3%2*"a"+"tscaionns"[h(f(.14864))%3::3]+h(f(.511))%5%2*"h"

Like orlp's answer, it uses the functions from Python's built-in cmath module as input.

Saved 5 bytes by using slice indexing into the middle string

Finding the Magic Numbers

For completeness, here's (more or less) the script I used to find these magic numbers. I mostly just worked straight in a python terminal, so the code is messy, but it gets the job done.

import cmath
fns = [(fn, getattr(cmath, fn)) for fn in ["sin","cos","tan","asin","acos","atan","sinh","cosh","tanh","asinh","acosh","atanh"]]

count_length = lambda num, modulus, base_modulus : len(str(num).rstrip('0').lstrip('0')) + (1 + len(str(modulus)) if modulus != base_modulus else 0)

min_length = float("inf")
min_choice = None
for modulus in range(2,10):
   for i in range(1,100000):
      num = i/100000.
      is_valid = True
      for fn in fns:
         val = hash(fn[1](num))%modulus%2
         if (val == 0 and fn[0][0]=="a") or (val == 1 and fn[0][0]!="a"):
            is_valid = False
      if is_valid:
         length = count_length(num, modulus, 2)
         if length < min_length:
            min_length = length
            min_choice = (modulus,num)
print(min_choice)

min_length = float("inf")
min_choice = None
for modulus in range(3,10):
   for i in range(100000):
      num = i/100000.
      mapping = {}
      is_valid = True
      for fn in fns:
         fn_type = "sin" if "sin" in fn[0] else "cos" if "cos" in fn[0] else "tan"
         val = hash(fn[1](num))%modulus%3
         if val in mapping and mapping[val] != fn_type:
            is_valid = False
            break
         mapping[val] = fn_type
      if is_valid:
         length = count_length(num, modulus, 3)
         if length < min_length:
            min_length = length
            min_choice = (modulus, num, mapping)
print(min_choice)

min_length = float("inf")
min_choice = None
for modulus in range(2,10):
   for i in range(1,100000):
      num = i/100000.
      is_valid = True
      for fn in fns:
         val = hash(fn[1](num))%modulus%2
         if (val == 0 and fn[0][-1]=="a") or (val == 1 and fn[0][-1]!="a"):
            is_valid = False
      if is_valid:
         length = count_length(num, modulus, 2)
         if length < min_length:
            min_length = length
            min_choice = (modulus,num)
print(min_choice)