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Animal models of acute renal failure

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Abstract

The animal models are pivotal for understanding the characteristics of acute renal failure (ARF) and development of effective therapy for its optimal management. Since the etiology for induction of renal failure is multifold, therefore, a large number of animal models have been developed to mimic the clinical conditions of renal failure. Glycerol-induced renal failure closely mimics the rhabdomyolysis; ischemia-reperfusion-induced ARF simulate the hemodynamic changes-induced changes in renal functioning; drug-induced such as gentamicin, cisplatin, NSAID, ifosfamide-induced ARF mimics the renal failure due to clinical administration of respective drugs; uranium, potassium dichromate-induced ARF mimics the occupational hazard; S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine-induced ARF simulate contaminated water-induced renal dysfunction; sepsis-induced ARF mimics the infection-induced renal failure and radiocontrast-induced ARF mimics renal failure in patients during use of radiocontrast media at the time of cardiac catheterization. Since each animal model has been created with specific methodology, therefore, it is essential to describe the model in detail and consequently interpret the results in the context of a specific model.

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Abbreviations

ARF:

acute renal failure

ATN:

acute tubular necrosis

ATSDR:

Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

Bcl-xL:

B-cell lymphoma-extra large

BUN:

blood urea nitrogen

CAA:

chloroacetaldehyde Cisplatin- cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II)

CLP:

cecal ligation and puncture

CM and/or CT:

contrast media

CYP:

cytochrome-P

DCVC:

S-1,2-dichlorovinyl-L-cysteine

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acids E. coli - Escherichia coli

FA:

folic acid

Fe:

NTA - ferric-nitrilotriacetate

GFR:

glomerular filtration rate

GSH:

reduced glutathione

HgCl2:

mercuric chloride

im :

intramuscular

ip :

intraperitoneal

iv :

intravenous

I/R:

ischemia and reperfusion

IFO:

ifosfamide

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

MPTP:

mitochondrial permeability transition pore

NaCl:

sodium chloride

NADPH oxidase:

nicotinamide adenine dinu-cleotide phosphate-oxidase

NSAIDs:

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

NTA:

nitrilotriacetic acid

po :

per oral

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

sc :

subcutaneous

SHR:

spontaneous hypertensive rats

TCE:

trichloroethylene

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor-α

UN:

uranyl nitrate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India

    Amrit Pal Singh, Arunachalam Muthuraman, Amteshwar Singh Jaggi, Nirmal Singh & Kuldeep Grover

  2. Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India

    Ravi Dhawan

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  1. Amrit Pal Singh
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  2. Arunachalam Muthuraman
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  3. Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
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  4. Nirmal Singh
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Singh, A.P., Muthuraman, A., Jaggi, A.S. et al. Animal models of acute renal failure. Pharmacol. Rep 64, 31–44 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1734-1140(12)70728-4

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