interpreterRuntime.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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#include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
#include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
#include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
#include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
#include "code/codeCache.hpp"
#include "compiler/compilationPolicy.hpp"
#include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
#include "compiler/disassembler.hpp"
#include "gc/shared/barrierSetNMethod.hpp"
#include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.hpp"
#include "interpreter/bytecodeTracer.hpp"
#include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
#include "interpreter/interpreterRuntime.hpp"
#include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
#include "interpreter/templateTable.hpp"
#include "jvm_io.h"
#include "logging/log.hpp"
#include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
#include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
#include "memory/universe.hpp"
#include "oops/constantPool.inline.hpp"
#include "oops/cpCache.inline.hpp"
#include "oops/instanceKlass.inline.hpp"
#include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
#include "oops/methodData.hpp"
#include "oops/method.inline.hpp"
#include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
#include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
#include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
#include "oops/symbol.hpp"
#include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
#include "prims/methodHandles.hpp"
#include "prims/nativeLookup.hpp"
#include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
#include "runtime/continuation.hpp"
#include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
#include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/frame.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/icache.hpp"
#include "runtime/interfaceSupport.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/java.hpp"
#include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
#include "runtime/jfieldIDWorkaround.hpp"
#include "runtime/osThread.hpp"
#include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
#include "runtime/stackWatermarkSet.hpp"
#include "runtime/stubRoutines.hpp"
#include "runtime/synchronizer.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/threadCritical.hpp"
#include "utilities/align.hpp"
#include "utilities/checkedCast.hpp"
#include "utilities/copy.hpp"
#include "utilities/events.hpp"

// Helper class to access current interpreter state
class LastFrameAccessor : public StackObj {
  frame _last_frame;
public:
  LastFrameAccessor(JavaThread* current) {
    assert(current == Thread::current(), "sanity");
    _last_frame = current->last_frame();
  }
  bool is_interpreted_frame() const              { return _last_frame.is_interpreted_frame(); }
  Method*   method() const                       { return _last_frame.interpreter_frame_method(); }
  address   bcp() const                          { return _last_frame.interpreter_frame_bcp(); }
  int       bci() const                          { return _last_frame.interpreter_frame_bci(); }
  address   mdp() const                          { return _last_frame.interpreter_frame_mdp(); }

  void      set_bcp(address bcp)                 { _last_frame.interpreter_frame_set_bcp(bcp); }
  void      set_mdp(address dp)                  { _last_frame.interpreter_frame_set_mdp(dp); }

  // pass method to avoid calling unsafe bcp_to_method (partial fix 4926272)
  Bytecodes::Code code() const                   { return Bytecodes::code_at(method(), bcp()); }

  Bytecode  bytecode() const                     { return Bytecode(method(), bcp()); }
  int get_index_u1(Bytecodes::Code bc) const     { return bytecode().get_index_u1(bc); }
  int get_index_u2(Bytecodes::Code bc) const     { return bytecode().get_index_u2(bc); }
  int get_index_u4(Bytecodes::Code bc) const     { return bytecode().get_index_u4(bc); }
  int number_of_dimensions() const               { return bcp()[3]; }

  oop callee_receiver(Symbol* signature) {
    return _last_frame.interpreter_callee_receiver(signature);
  }
  BasicObjectLock* monitor_begin() const {
    return _last_frame.interpreter_frame_monitor_begin();
  }
  BasicObjectLock* monitor_end() const {
    return _last_frame.interpreter_frame_monitor_end();
  }
  BasicObjectLock* next_monitor(BasicObjectLock* current) const {
    return _last_frame.next_monitor_in_interpreter_frame(current);
  }

  frame& get_frame()                             { return _last_frame; }
};

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// State accessors

void InterpreterRuntime::set_bcp_and_mdp(address bcp, JavaThread* current) {
  LastFrameAccessor last_frame(current);
  last_frame.set_bcp(bcp);
  if (ProfileInterpreter) {
    // ProfileTraps uses MDOs independently of ProfileInterpreter.
    // That is why we must check both ProfileInterpreter and mdo != nullptr.
    MethodData* mdo = last_frame.method()->method_data();
    if (mdo != nullptr) {
      NEEDS_CLEANUP;
      last_frame.set_mdp(mdo->bci_to_dp(last_frame.bci()));
    }
  }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Constants


JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::ldc(JavaThread* current, bool wide))
  // access constant pool
  LastFrameAccessor last_frame(current);
  ConstantPool* pool = last_frame.method()->constants();
  int cp_index = wide ? last_frame.get_index_u2(Bytecodes::_ldc_w) : last_frame.get_index_u1(Bytecodes::_ldc);
  constantTag tag = pool->tag_at(cp_index);

  assert (tag.is_unresolved_klass() || tag.is_klass(), "wrong ldc call");
  Klass* klass = pool->klass_at(cp_index, CHECK);
  oop java_class = klass->java_mirror();
  current->set_vm_result_oop(java_class);
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::resolve_ldc(JavaThread* current, Bytecodes::Code bytecode)) {
  assert(bytecode == Bytecodes::_ldc ||
         bytecode == Bytecodes::_ldc_w ||
         bytecode == Bytecodes::_ldc2_w ||
         bytecode == Bytecodes::_fast_aldc ||
         bytecode == Bytecodes::_fast_aldc_w, "wrong bc");
  ResourceMark rm(current);
  const bool is_fast_aldc = (bytecode == Bytecodes::_fast_aldc ||
                             bytecode == Bytecodes::_fast_aldc_w);
  LastFrameAccessor last_frame(current);
  methodHandle m (current, last_frame.method());
  Bytecode_loadconstant ldc(m, last_frame.bci());

  // Double-check the size.  (Condy can have any type.)
  BasicType type = ldc.result_type();
  switch (type2size[type]) {
  case 2: guarantee(bytecode == Bytecodes::_ldc2_w, ""); break;
  case 1: guarantee(bytecode != Bytecodes::_ldc2_w, ""); break;
  default: ShouldNotReachHere();
  }

  // Resolve the constant.  This does not do unboxing.
  // But it does replace Universe::the_null_sentinel by null.
  oop result = ldc.resolve_constant(CHECK);
  assert(result != nullptr || is_fast_aldc, "null result only valid for fast_aldc");

#ifdef ASSERT
  {
    // The bytecode wrappers aren't GC-safe so construct a new one
    Bytecode_loadconstant ldc2(m, last_frame.bci());
    int rindex = ldc2.cache_index();
    if (rindex < 0)
      rindex = m->constants()->cp_to_object_index(ldc2.pool_index());
    if (rindex >= 0) {
      oop coop = m->constants()->resolved_reference_at(rindex);
      oop roop = (result == nullptr ? Universe::the_null_sentinel() : result);
      assert(roop == coop, "expected result for assembly code");
    }
  }
#endif
  current->set_vm_result_oop(result);
  if (!is_fast_aldc) {
    // Tell the interpreter how to unbox the primitive.
    guarantee(java_lang_boxing_object::is_instance(result, type), "");
    int offset = java_lang_boxing_object::value_offset(type);
    intptr_t flags = ((as_TosState(type) << ConstantPoolCache::tos_state_shift)
                      | (offset & ConstantPoolCache::field_index_mask));
    current->set_vm_result_metadata((Metadata*)flags);
  }
}
JRT_END


//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Allocation

JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::_new(JavaThread* current, ConstantPool* pool, int index))
  Klass* k = pool->klass_at(index, CHECK);
  InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(k);

  // Make sure we are not instantiating an abstract klass
  klass->check_valid_for_instantiation(true, CHECK);

  // Make sure klass is initialized
  klass->initialize(CHECK);

  oop obj = klass->allocate_instance(CHECK);
  current->set_vm_result_oop(obj);
JRT_END


JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::newarray(JavaThread* current, BasicType type, jint size))
  oop obj = oopFactory::new_typeArray(type, size, CHECK);
  current->set_vm_result_oop(obj);
JRT_END


JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::anewarray(JavaThread* current, ConstantPool* pool, int index, jint size))
  Klass*    klass = pool->klass_at(index, CHECK);
  objArrayOop obj = oopFactory::new_objArray(klass, size, CHECK);
  current->set_vm_result_oop(obj);
JRT_END


JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::multianewarray(JavaThread* current, jint* first_size_address))
  // We may want to pass in more arguments - could make this slightly faster
  LastFrameAccessor last_frame(current);
  ConstantPool* constants = last_frame.method()->constants();
  int          i = last_frame.get_index_u2(Bytecodes::_multianewarray);
  Klass* klass   = constants->klass_at(i, CHECK);
  int   nof_dims = last_frame.number_of_dimensions();
  assert(klass->is_klass(), "not a class");
  assert(nof_dims >= 1, "multianewarray rank must be nonzero");

  // We must create an array of jints to pass to multi_allocate.
  ResourceMark rm(current);
  const int small_dims = 10;
  jint dim_array[small_dims];
  jint *dims = &dim_array[0];
  if (nof_dims > small_dims) {
    dims = (jint*) NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(jint, nof_dims);
  }
  for (int index = 0; index < nof_dims; index++) {
    // offset from first_size_address is addressed as local[index]
    int n = Interpreter::local_offset_in_bytes(index)/jintSize;
    dims[index] = first_size_address[n];
  }
  oop obj = ArrayKlass::cast(klass)->multi_allocate(nof_dims, dims, CHECK);
  current->set_vm_result_oop(obj);
JRT_END


JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::register_finalizer(JavaThread* current, oopDesc* obj))
  assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
  assert(obj->klass()->has_finalizer(), "shouldn't be here otherwise");
  InstanceKlass::register_finalizer(instanceOop(obj), CHECK);
JRT_END


// Quicken instance-of and check-cast bytecodes
JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::quicken_io_cc(JavaThread* current))
  // Force resolving; quicken the bytecode
  LastFrameAccessor last_frame(current);
  int which = last_frame.get_index_u2(Bytecodes::_checkcast);
  ConstantPool* cpool = last_frame.method()->constants();
  // We'd expect to assert that we're only here to quicken bytecodes, but in a multithreaded
  // program we might have seen an unquick'd bytecode in the interpreter but have another
  // thread quicken the bytecode before we get here.
  // assert( cpool->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass(), "should only come here to quicken bytecodes" );
  Klass* klass = cpool->klass_at(which, CHECK);
  current->set_vm_result_metadata(klass);
JRT_END


//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Exceptions

void InterpreterRuntime::note_trap_inner(JavaThread* current, int reason,
                                         const methodHandle& trap_method, int trap_bci) {
  if (trap_method.not_null()) {
    MethodData* trap_mdo = trap_method->method_data();
    if (trap_mdo == nullptr) {
      ExceptionMark em(current);
      JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros.
      Method::build_profiling_method_data(trap_method, THREAD);
      if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
        // Only metaspace OOM is expected. No Java code executed.
        assert((PENDING_EXCEPTION->is_a(vmClasses::OutOfMemoryError_klass())),
               "we expect only an OOM error here");
        CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
      }
      trap_mdo = trap_method->method_data();
      // and fall through...
    }
    if (trap_mdo != nullptr) {
      // Update per-method count of trap events.  The interpreter
      // is updating the MDO to simulate the effect of compiler traps.
      Deoptimization::update_method_data_from_interpreter(trap_mdo, trap_bci, reason);
    }
  }
}

// Assume the compiler is (or will be) interested in this event.
// If necessary, create an MDO to hold the information, and record it.
void InterpreterRuntime::note_trap(JavaThread* current, int reason) {
  assert(ProfileTraps, "call me only if profiling");
  LastFrameAccessor last_frame(current);
  methodHandle trap_method(current, last_frame.method());
  int trap_bci = trap_method->bci_from(last_frame.bcp());
  note_trap_inner(current, reason, trap_method, trap_bci);
}

static Handle get_preinitialized_exception(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
  // get klass
  InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
  assert(klass->is_initialized(),
         "this klass should have been initialized during VM initialization");
  // create instance - do not call constructor since we may have no
  // (java) stack space left (should assert constructor is empty)
  Handle exception;
  oop exception_oop = klass->allocate_instance(CHECK_(exception));
  exception = Handle(THREAD, exception_oop);
  if (StackTraceInThrowable) {
    java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace(exception);
  }
  return exception;
}

// Special handling for stack overflow: since we don't have any (java) stack
// space left we use the pre-allocated & pre-initialized StackOverflowError
// klass to create an stack overflow error instance.  We do not call its
// constructor for the same reason (it is empty, anyway).
JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::throw_StackOverflowError(JavaThread* current))
  Handle exception = get_preinitialized_exception(
                                 vmClasses::StackOverflowError_klass(),
                                 CHECK);
  // Increment counter for hs_err file reporting
  Atomic::inc(&Exceptions::_stack_overflow_errors);
  // Remove the ScopedValue bindings in case we got a StackOverflowError
  // while we were trying to manipulate ScopedValue bindings.
  current->clear_scopedValueBindings();
  THROW_HANDLE(exception);
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::throw_delayed_StackOverflowError(JavaThread* current))
  Handle exception = get_preinitialized_exception(
                                 vmClasses::StackOverflowError_klass(),
                                 CHECK);
  java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exception(),
          Universe::delayed_stack_overflow_error_message());
  // Increment counter for hs_err file reporting
  Atomic::inc(&Exceptions::_stack_overflow_errors);
  // Remove the ScopedValue bindings in case we got a StackOverflowError
  // while we were trying to manipulate ScopedValue bindings.
  current->clear_scopedValueBindings();
  THROW_HANDLE(exception);
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::create_exception(JavaThread* current, char* name, char* message))
  // lookup exception klass
  TempNewSymbol s = SymbolTable::new_symbol(name);
  if (ProfileTraps) {
    if (s == vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException()) {
      note_trap(current, Deoptimization::Reason_div0_check);
    } else if (s == vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException()) {
      note_trap(current, Deoptimization::Reason_null_check);
    }
  }
  // create exception
  Handle exception = Exceptions::new_exception(current, s, message);
  current->set_vm_result_oop(exception());
JRT_END


JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::create_klass_exception(JavaThread* current, char* name, oopDesc* obj))
  // Produce the error message first because note_trap can safepoint
  ResourceMark rm(current);
  const char* klass_name = obj->klass()->external_name();
  // lookup exception klass
  TempNewSymbol s = SymbolTable::new_symbol(name);
  if (ProfileTraps) {
    if (s == vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayStoreException()) {
      note_trap(current, Deoptimization::Reason_array_check);
    } else {
      note_trap(current, Deoptimization::Reason_class_check);
    }
  }
  // create exception, with klass name as detail message
  Handle exception = Exceptions::new_exception(current, s, klass_name);
  current->set_vm_result_oop(exception());
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::throw_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(JavaThread* current, arrayOopDesc* a, jint index))
  // Produce the error message first because note_trap can safepoint
  ResourceMark rm(current);
  stringStream ss;
  ss.print("Index %d out of bounds for length %d", index, a->length());

  if (ProfileTraps) {
    note_trap(current, Deoptimization::Reason_range_check);
  }

  THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(), ss.as_string());
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::throw_ClassCastException(
  JavaThread* current, oopDesc* obj))

  // Produce the error message first because note_trap can safepoint
  ResourceMark rm(current);
  char* message = SharedRuntime::generate_class_cast_message(
    current, obj->klass());

  if (ProfileTraps) {
    note_trap(current, Deoptimization::Reason_class_check);
  }

  // create exception
  THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassCastException(), message);
JRT_END

// exception_handler_for_exception(...) returns the continuation address,
// the exception oop (via TLS) and sets the bci/bcp for the continuation.
// The exception oop is returned to make sure it is preserved over GC (it
// is only on the stack if the exception was thrown explicitly via athrow).
// During this operation, the expression stack contains the values for the
// bci where the exception happened. If the exception was propagated back
// from a call, the expression stack contains the values for the bci at the
// invoke w/o arguments (i.e., as if one were inside the call).
// Note that the implementation of this method assumes it's only called when an exception has actually occured
JRT_ENTRY(address, InterpreterRuntime::exception_handler_for_exception(JavaThread* current, oopDesc* exception))
  // We get here after we have unwound from a callee throwing an exception
  // into the interpreter. Any deferred stack processing is notified of
  // the event via the StackWatermarkSet.
  StackWatermarkSet::after_unwind(current);

  LastFrameAccessor last_frame(current);
  Handle             h_exception(current, exception);
  methodHandle       h_method   (current, last_frame.method());
  constantPoolHandle h_constants(current, h_method->constants());
  bool               should_repeat;
  int                handler_bci;
  int                current_bci = last_frame.bci();

  if (current->frames_to_pop_failed_realloc() > 0) {
    // Allocation of scalar replaced object used in this frame
    // failed. Unconditionally pop the frame.
    current->dec_frames_to_pop_failed_realloc();
    current->set_vm_result_oop(h_exception());
    // If the method is synchronized we already unlocked the monitor
    // during deoptimization so the interpreter needs to skip it when
    // the frame is popped.
    current->set_do_not_unlock_if_synchronized(true);
    return Interpreter::remove_activation_entry();
  }

  // Need to do this check first since when _do_not_unlock_if_synchronized
  // is set, we don't want to trigger any classloading which may make calls
  // into java, or surprisingly find a matching exception handler for bci 0
  // since at this moment the method hasn't been "officially" entered yet.
  if (current->do_not_unlock_if_synchronized()) {
    ResourceMark rm;
    assert(current_bci == 0,  "bci isn't zero for do_not_unlock_if_synchronized");
    current->set_vm_result_oop(exception);
    return Interpreter::remove_activation_entry();
  }

  do {
    should_repeat = false;

    // assertions
    assert(h_exception.not_null(), "null exceptions should be handled by athrow");
    // Check that exception is a subclass of Throwable.
    assert(h_exception->is_a(vmClasses::Throwable_klass()),
           "Exception not subclass of Throwable");

    // tracing
    if (log_is_enabled(Info, exceptions)) {
      ResourceMark rm(current);
      stringStream tempst;
      tempst.print("interpreter method <%s>\n"
                   " at bci %d for thread " INTPTR_FORMAT " (%s)",
                   h_method->print_value_string(), current_bci, p2i(current), current->name());
      Exceptions::log_exception(h_exception, tempst.as_string());
    }
// Don't go paging in something which won't be used.
//     else if (extable->length() == 0) {
//       // disabled for now - interpreter is not using shortcut yet
//       // (shortcut is not to call runtime if we have no exception handlers)
//       // warning("performance bug: should not call runtime if method has no exception handlers");
//     }
    // for AbortVMOnException flag
    Exceptions::debug_check_abort(h_exception);

    // exception handler lookup
    Klass* klass = h_exception->klass();
    handler_bci = Method::fast_exception_handler_bci_for(h_method, klass, current_bci, THREAD);
    if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
      // We threw an exception while trying to find the exception handler.
      // Transfer the new exception to the exception handle which will
      // be set into thread local storage, and do another lookup for an
      // exception handler for this exception, this time starting at the
      // BCI of the exception handler which caused the exception to be
      // thrown (bug 4307310).
      h_exception = Handle(THREAD, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
      CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
      if (handler_bci >= 0) {
        current_bci = handler_bci;
        should_repeat = true;
      }
    }
  } while (should_repeat == true);

#if INCLUDE_JVMCI
  if (EnableJVMCI && h_method->method_data() != nullptr) {
    ResourceMark rm(current);
    MethodData* mdo = h_method->method_data();

    // Lock to read ProfileData, and ensure lock is not broken by a safepoint
    MutexLocker ml(mdo->extra_data_lock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

    ProfileData* pdata = mdo->allocate_bci_to_data(current_bci, nullptr);
    if (pdata != nullptr && pdata->is_BitData()) {
      BitData* bit_data = (BitData*) pdata;
      bit_data->set_exception_seen();
    }
  }
#endif

  // notify JVMTI of an exception throw; JVMTI will detect if this is a first
  // time throw or a stack unwinding throw and accordingly notify the debugger
  if (JvmtiExport::can_post_on_exceptions()) {
    JvmtiExport::post_exception_throw(current, h_method(), last_frame.bcp(), h_exception());
  }

  address continuation = nullptr;
  address handler_pc = nullptr;
  if (handler_bci < 0 || !current->stack_overflow_state()->reguard_stack((address) &continuation)) {
    // Forward exception to callee (leaving bci/bcp untouched) because (a) no
    // handler in this method, or (b) after a stack overflow there is not yet
    // enough stack space available to reprotect the stack.
    continuation = Interpreter::remove_activation_entry();
#if COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
    // Count this for compilation purposes
    h_method->interpreter_throwout_increment(THREAD);
#endif
  } else {
    // handler in this method => change bci/bcp to handler bci/bcp and continue there
    handler_pc = h_method->code_base() + handler_bci;
    h_method->set_exception_handler_entered(handler_bci); // profiling
#ifndef ZERO
    set_bcp_and_mdp(handler_pc, current);
    continuation = Interpreter::dispatch_table(vtos)[*handler_pc];
#else
    continuation = (address)(intptr_t) handler_bci;
#endif
  }

  // notify debugger of an exception catch
  // (this is good for exceptions caught in native methods as well)
  if (JvmtiExport::can_post_on_exceptions()) {
    JvmtiExport::notice_unwind_due_to_exception(current, h_method(), handler_pc, h_exception(), (handler_pc != nullptr));
  }

  current->set_vm_result_oop(h_exception());
  return continuation;
JRT_END


JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::throw_pending_exception(JavaThread* current))
  assert(current->has_pending_exception(), "must only be called if there's an exception pending");
  // nothing to do - eventually we should remove this code entirely (see comments @ call sites)
JRT_END


JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::throw_AbstractMethodError(JavaThread* current))
  THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError());
JRT_END

// This method is called from the "abstract_entry" of the interpreter.
// At that point, the arguments have already been removed from the stack
// and therefore we don't have the receiver object at our fingertips. (Though,
// on some platforms the receiver still resides in a register...). Thus,
// we have no choice but print an error message not containing the receiver
// type.
JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::throw_AbstractMethodErrorWithMethod(JavaThread* current,
                                                                        Method* missingMethod))
  ResourceMark rm(current);
  assert(missingMethod != nullptr, "sanity");
  methodHandle m(current, missingMethod);
  LinkResolver::throw_abstract_method_error(m, THREAD);
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::throw_AbstractMethodErrorVerbose(JavaThread* current,
                                                                     Klass* recvKlass,
                                                                     Method* missingMethod))
  ResourceMark rm(current);
  methodHandle mh = methodHandle(current, missingMethod);
  LinkResolver::throw_abstract_method_error(mh, recvKlass, THREAD);
JRT_END


JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::throw_IncompatibleClassChangeError(JavaThread* current))
  THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError());
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::throw_IncompatibleClassChangeErrorVerbose(JavaThread* current,
                                                                              Klass* recvKlass,
                                                                              Klass* interfaceKlass))
  ResourceMark rm(current);
  char buf[1000];
  buf[0] = '\0';
  jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
               "Class %s does not implement the requested interface %s",
               recvKlass ? recvKlass->external_name() : "nullptr",
               interfaceKlass ? interfaceKlass->external_name() : "nullptr");
  THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::throw_NullPointerException(JavaThread* current))
  THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
JRT_END

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Fields
//

void InterpreterRuntime::resolve_get_put(JavaThread* current, Bytecodes::Code bytecode) {
  LastFrameAccessor last_frame(current);
  constantPoolHandle pool(current, last_frame.method()->constants());
  methodHandle m(current, last_frame.method());

  resolve_get_put(bytecode, last_frame.get_index_u2(bytecode), m, pool, true /*initialize_holder*/, current);
}

void InterpreterRuntime::resolve_get_put(Bytecodes::Code bytecode, int field_index,
                                         methodHandle& m,
                                         constantPoolHandle& pool,
                                         bool initialize_holder, TRAPS) {
  fieldDescriptor info;
  bool is_put    = (bytecode == Bytecodes::_putfield  || bytecode == Bytecodes::_nofast_putfield ||
                    bytecode == Bytecodes::_putstatic);
  bool is_static = (bytecode == Bytecodes::_getstatic || bytecode == Bytecodes::_putstatic);

  {
    JvmtiHideSingleStepping jhss(THREAD);
    LinkResolver::resolve_field_access(info, pool, field_index,
                                       m, bytecode, initialize_holder, CHECK);
  } // end JvmtiHideSingleStepping

  // check if link resolution caused cpCache to be updated
  if (pool->resolved_field_entry_at(field_index)->is_resolved(bytecode)) return;

  // compute auxiliary field attributes
  TosState state  = as_TosState(info.field_type());

  // Resolution of put instructions on final fields is delayed. That is required so that
  // exceptions are thrown at the correct place (when the instruction is actually invoked).
  // If we do not resolve an instruction in the current pass, leaving the put_code
  // set to zero will cause the next put instruction to the same field to reresolve.

  // Resolution of put instructions to final instance fields with invalid updates (i.e.,
  // to final instance fields with updates originating from a method different than <init>)
  // is inhibited. A putfield instruction targeting an instance final field must throw
  // an IllegalAccessError if the instruction is not in an instance
  // initializer method <init>. If resolution were not inhibited, a putfield
  // in an initializer method could be resolved in the initializer. Subsequent
  // putfield instructions to the same field would then use cached information.
  // As a result, those instructions would not pass through the VM. That is,
  // checks in resolve_field_access() would not be executed for those instructions
  // and the required IllegalAccessError would not be thrown.
  //
  // Also, we need to delay resolving getstatic and putstatic instructions until the
  // class is initialized.  This is required so that access to the static
  // field will call the initialization function every time until the class
  // is completely initialized ala. in 2.17.5 in JVM Specification.
  InstanceKlass* klass = info.field_holder();
  bool uninitialized_static = is_static && !klass->is_initialized();
  bool has_initialized_final_update = info.field_holder()->major_version() >= 53 &&
                                      info.has_initialized_final_update();
  assert(!(has_initialized_final_update && !info.access_flags().is_final()), "Fields with initialized final updates must be final");

  Bytecodes::Code get_code = (Bytecodes::Code)0;
  Bytecodes::Code put_code = (Bytecodes::Code)0;
  if (!uninitialized_static) {
    get_code = ((is_static) ? Bytecodes::_getstatic : Bytecodes::_getfield);
    if ((is_put && !has_initialized_final_update) || !info.access_flags().is_final()) {
      put_code = ((is_static) ? Bytecodes::_putstatic : Bytecodes::_putfield);
    }
  }

  ResolvedFieldEntry* entry = pool->resolved_field_entry_at(field_index);
  entry->set_flags(info.access_flags().is_final(), info.access_flags().is_volatile());
  entry->fill_in(info.field_holder(), info.offset(),
                 checked_cast<u2>(info.index()), checked_cast<u1>(state),
                 static_cast<u1>(get_code), static_cast<u1>(put_code));
}


//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Synchronization
//
// The interpreter's synchronization code is factored out so that it can
// be shared by method invocation and synchronized blocks.
//%note synchronization_3

//%note monitor_1
JRT_ENTRY_NO_ASYNC(void, InterpreterRuntime::monitorenter(JavaThread* current, BasicObjectLock* elem))
#ifdef ASSERT
  current->last_frame().interpreter_frame_verify_monitor(elem);
#endif
  Handle h_obj(current, elem->obj());
  assert(Universe::heap()->is_in_or_null(h_obj()),
         "must be null or an object");
  ObjectSynchronizer::enter(h_obj, elem->lock(), current);
  assert(Universe::heap()->is_in_or_null(elem->obj()),
         "must be null or an object");
#ifdef ASSERT
  if (!current->preempting()) current->last_frame().interpreter_frame_verify_monitor(elem);
#endif
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(void, InterpreterRuntime::monitorexit(BasicObjectLock* elem))
  oop obj = elem->obj();
  assert(Universe::heap()->is_in(obj), "must be an object");
  // The object could become unlocked through a JNI call, which we have no other checks for.
  // Give a fatal message if CheckJNICalls. Otherwise we ignore it.
  if (obj->is_unlocked()) {
    if (CheckJNICalls) {
      fatal("Object has been unlocked by JNI");
    }
    return;
  }
  ObjectSynchronizer::exit(obj, elem->lock(), JavaThread::current());
  // Free entry. If it is not cleared, the exception handling code will try to unlock the monitor
  // again at method exit or in the case of an exception.
  elem->set_obj(nullptr);
JRT_END


JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::throw_illegal_monitor_state_exception(JavaThread* current))
  THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalMonitorStateException());
JRT_END


JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::new_illegal_monitor_state_exception(JavaThread* current))
  // Returns an illegal exception to install into the current thread. The
  // pending_exception flag is cleared so normal exception handling does not
  // trigger. Any current installed exception will be overwritten. This
  // method will be called during an exception unwind.

  assert(!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION, "no pending exception");
  Handle exception(current, current->vm_result_oop());
  assert(exception() != nullptr, "vm result should be set");
  current->set_vm_result_oop(nullptr); // clear vm result before continuing (may cause memory leaks and assert failures)
  exception = get_preinitialized_exception(vmClasses::IllegalMonitorStateException_klass(), CATCH);
  current->set_vm_result_oop(exception());
JRT_END


//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Invokes

JRT_ENTRY(Bytecodes::Code, InterpreterRuntime::get_original_bytecode_at(JavaThread* current, Method* method, address bcp))
  return method->orig_bytecode_at(method->bci_from(bcp));
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::set_original_bytecode_at(JavaThread* current, Method* method, address bcp, Bytecodes::Code new_code))
  method->set_orig_bytecode_at(method->bci_from(bcp), new_code);
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::_breakpoint(JavaThread* current, Method* method, address bcp))
  JvmtiExport::post_raw_breakpoint(current, method, bcp);
JRT_END

void InterpreterRuntime::resolve_invoke(JavaThread* current, Bytecodes::Code bytecode) {
  LastFrameAccessor last_frame(current);
  // extract receiver from the outgoing argument list if necessary
  Handle receiver(current, nullptr);
  if (bytecode == Bytecodes::_invokevirtual || bytecode == Bytecodes::_invokeinterface ||
      bytecode == Bytecodes::_invokespecial) {
    ResourceMark rm(current);
    methodHandle m (current, last_frame.method());
    Bytecode_invoke call(m, last_frame.bci());
    Symbol* signature = call.signature();
    receiver = Handle(current, last_frame.callee_receiver(signature));

    assert(Universe::heap()->is_in_or_null(receiver()),
           "sanity check");
    assert(receiver.is_null() ||
           !Universe::heap()->is_in(receiver->klass()),
           "sanity check");
  }

  // resolve method
  CallInfo info;
  constantPoolHandle pool(current, last_frame.method()->constants());

  methodHandle resolved_method;

  int method_index = last_frame.get_index_u2(bytecode);
  {
    JvmtiHideSingleStepping jhss(current);
    JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros.
    LinkResolver::resolve_invoke(info, receiver, pool,
                                 method_index, bytecode,
                                 THREAD);

    if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
      if (ProfileTraps && PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException()) {
        // Preserve the original exception across the call to note_trap()
        PreserveExceptionMark pm(current);
        // Recording the trap will help the compiler to potentially recognize this exception as "hot"
        note_trap(current, Deoptimization::Reason_null_check);
      }
      return;
    }

    resolved_method = methodHandle(current, info.resolved_method());
  } // end JvmtiHideSingleStepping

  update_invoke_cp_cache_entry(info, bytecode, resolved_method, pool, method_index);
}

void InterpreterRuntime::update_invoke_cp_cache_entry(CallInfo& info, Bytecodes::Code bytecode,
                                                      methodHandle& resolved_method,
                                                      constantPoolHandle& pool,
                                                      int method_index) {
  // Don't allow safepoints until the method is cached.
  NoSafepointVerifier nsv;

  // check if link resolution caused cpCache to be updated
  ConstantPoolCache* cache = pool->cache();
  if (cache->resolved_method_entry_at(method_index)->is_resolved(bytecode)) return;

#ifdef ASSERT
  if (bytecode == Bytecodes::_invokeinterface) {
    if (resolved_method->method_holder() == vmClasses::Object_klass()) {
      // NOTE: THIS IS A FIX FOR A CORNER CASE in the JVM spec
      // (see also CallInfo::set_interface for details)
      assert(info.call_kind() == CallInfo::vtable_call ||
             info.call_kind() == CallInfo::direct_call, "");
      assert(resolved_method->is_final() || info.has_vtable_index(),
             "should have been set already");
    } else if (!resolved_method->has_itable_index()) {
      // Resolved something like CharSequence.toString.  Use vtable not itable.
      assert(info.call_kind() != CallInfo::itable_call, "");
    } else {
      // Setup itable entry
      assert(info.call_kind() == CallInfo::itable_call, "");
      int index = resolved_method->itable_index();
      assert(info.itable_index() == index, "");
    }
  } else if (bytecode == Bytecodes::_invokespecial) {
    assert(info.call_kind() == CallInfo::direct_call, "must be direct call");
  } else {
    assert(info.call_kind() == CallInfo::direct_call ||
           info.call_kind() == CallInfo::vtable_call, "");
  }
#endif
  // Get sender and only set cpCache entry to resolved if it is not an
  // interface.  The receiver for invokespecial calls within interface
  // methods must be checked for every call.
  InstanceKlass* sender = pool->pool_holder();

  switch (info.call_kind()) {
  case CallInfo::direct_call:
    cache->set_direct_call(bytecode, method_index, resolved_method, sender->is_interface());
    break;
  case CallInfo::vtable_call:
    cache->set_vtable_call(bytecode, method_index, resolved_method, info.vtable_index());
    break;
  case CallInfo::itable_call:
    cache->set_itable_call(
      bytecode,
      method_index,
      info.resolved_klass(),
      resolved_method,
      info.itable_index());
    break;
  default:  ShouldNotReachHere();
  }
}

void InterpreterRuntime::cds_resolve_invoke(Bytecodes::Code bytecode, int method_index,
                                            constantPoolHandle& pool, TRAPS) {
  LinkInfo link_info(pool, method_index, bytecode, CHECK);

  if (!link_info.resolved_klass()->is_instance_klass() || InstanceKlass::cast(link_info.resolved_klass())->is_linked()) {
    CallInfo call_info;
    switch (bytecode) {
      case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual:   LinkResolver::cds_resolve_virtual_call  (call_info, link_info, CHECK); break;
      case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface: LinkResolver::cds_resolve_interface_call(call_info, link_info, CHECK); break;
      case Bytecodes::_invokespecial:   LinkResolver::cds_resolve_special_call  (call_info, link_info, CHECK); break;

      default: fatal("Unimplemented: %s", Bytecodes::name(bytecode));
    }
    methodHandle resolved_method(THREAD, call_info.resolved_method());
    guarantee(resolved_method->method_holder()->is_linked(), "");
    update_invoke_cp_cache_entry(call_info, bytecode, resolved_method, pool, method_index);
  } else {
    // FIXME: why a shared class is not linked yet?
    // Can't link it here since there are no guarantees it'll be prelinked on the next run.
    ResourceMark rm;
    InstanceKlass* resolved_iklass = InstanceKlass::cast(link_info.resolved_klass());
    log_info(cds, resolve)("Not resolved: class not linked: %s %s %s",
                           resolved_iklass->is_shared() ? "is_shared" : "",
                           resolved_iklass->init_state_name(),
                           resolved_iklass->external_name());
  }
}

// First time execution:  Resolve symbols, create a permanent MethodType object.
void InterpreterRuntime::resolve_invokehandle(JavaThread* current) {
  const Bytecodes::Code bytecode = Bytecodes::_invokehandle;
  LastFrameAccessor last_frame(current);

  // resolve method
  CallInfo info;
  constantPoolHandle pool(current, last_frame.method()->constants());
  int method_index = last_frame.get_index_u2(bytecode);
  {
    JvmtiHideSingleStepping jhss(current);
    JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros.
    LinkResolver::resolve_invoke(info, Handle(), pool,
                                 method_index, bytecode,
                                 CHECK);
  } // end JvmtiHideSingleStepping

  pool->cache()->set_method_handle(method_index, info);
}

void InterpreterRuntime::cds_resolve_invokehandle(int raw_index,
                                                  constantPoolHandle& pool, TRAPS) {
  const Bytecodes::Code bytecode = Bytecodes::_invokehandle;
  CallInfo info;
  LinkResolver::resolve_invoke(info, Handle(), pool, raw_index, bytecode, CHECK);

  pool->cache()->set_method_handle(raw_index, info);
}

// First time execution:  Resolve symbols, create a permanent CallSite object.
void InterpreterRuntime::resolve_invokedynamic(JavaThread* current) {
  LastFrameAccessor last_frame(current);
  const Bytecodes::Code bytecode = Bytecodes::_invokedynamic;

  // resolve method
  CallInfo info;
  constantPoolHandle pool(current, last_frame.method()->constants());
  int index = last_frame.get_index_u4(bytecode);
  {
    JvmtiHideSingleStepping jhss(current);
    JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros.
    LinkResolver::resolve_invoke(info, Handle(), pool,
                                 index, bytecode, CHECK);
  } // end JvmtiHideSingleStepping

  pool->cache()->set_dynamic_call(info, index);
}

void InterpreterRuntime::cds_resolve_invokedynamic(int raw_index,
                                                   constantPoolHandle& pool, TRAPS) {
  const Bytecodes::Code bytecode = Bytecodes::_invokedynamic;
  CallInfo info;
  LinkResolver::resolve_invoke(info, Handle(), pool, raw_index, bytecode, CHECK);
  pool->cache()->set_dynamic_call(info, raw_index);
}

// This function is the interface to the assembly code. It returns the resolved
// cpCache entry.  This doesn't safepoint, but the helper routines safepoint.
// This function will check for redefinition!
JRT_ENTRY(void, InterpreterRuntime::resolve_from_cache(JavaThread* current, Bytecodes::Code bytecode)) {
  switch (bytecode) {
  case Bytecodes::_getstatic:
  case Bytecodes::_putstatic:
  case Bytecodes::_getfield:
  case Bytecodes::_putfield:
    resolve_get_put(current, bytecode);
    break;
  case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual:
  case Bytecodes::_invokespecial:
  case Bytecodes::_invokestatic:
  case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface:
    resolve_invoke(current, bytecode);
    break;