A lot of people have said this already, but please let me say it again, this time quoting E. C. Woodcock, "A New Latin Syntax", Paragraph 209: "A gerund in the instrumental ablative is sometimes used so vaguely that it is almost equivalent to a present participle in agreement with the subject."
A gerund in the instrumental ablative is sometimes used so vaguely that it is almost equivalent to a present participle in agreement with the subject.
The example he quotes is from Livy 8, 17, 1: "Consules populando usque ad moenia pervenerunt."Consules populando usque ad moenia pervenerunt." (The consuls came a-plundering right up to the walls.) This sentence is "almost equivalent" to "Consules populantes usque ad moenia pervenerunt."Consules populantes usque ad moenia pervenerunt."
To which I would add Saint Augustine, PL 38, 1348 (HT to the breviary, June 29): "Isti martyres viderunt quod praedicaverunt, secuti aequitatem, confitendo veritatem, moriendo pro veritate""Isti martyres viderunt quod praedicaverunt, secuti aequitatem, confitendo veritatem, moriendo pro veritate" which I would say is almost equivalent to, "Isti martyres viderunt quod praedicaverunt, secuti aequitatem, confitentes veritatem, morientes pro veritate."Isti martyres viderunt quod praedicaverunt, secuti aequitatem, confitentes veritatem, morientes pro veritate." (These martyrs of yours saw what they had preached, having pursued calm, acknowledging the truth, dying for the truth.)
And likewise, "Vidit ergo Jesus publicanum, et quia miserando atque eligendo vidit, ait illi, Sequere me, "Vidit ergo Jesus publicanum, et quia miserando atque eligendo vidit, ait illi, Sequere me," is almost equivalent to, "Vidit ergo Jesus publicanum, et quia miserans atque eligens vidit, ait illi, Sequere me."Vidit ergo Jesus publicanum, et quia miserans atque eligens vidit, ait illi, Sequere me."