Compile`InnerDo
This is the one that initially struck me as interesting since I use compiled functions quite a lot. From the documentation of Do:
Unless an explicit
Returnis used, the value returned byDoisNull.
But that doesn't seem to be the case for Compile`InnerDo!
f1 = Compile[{{x}},
Module[{a}, a = x; Compile`InnerDo[a++, {i, 10^8}]]
]
f2 = Compile[{{x}},
Module[{a}, a = x; Do[a++, {i, 10^8}]]
]
f1[0] // AbsoluteTiming
(* 1.63 seconds, 99999999 *)
f2[0] // AbsoluteTiming
(* 1.63 seconds, Null *)
Essentially it adds an extra line into the result of CompilePrint:

Compile`Mod1
Seems to be just that, and is listable. In fact, if you write a compilable function that contains Mod[x, 1] then it gets compiled down to Compile`Mod1.
f1 = Compile[{{x}}, Compile`Mod1[x]];
f2 = Compile[{{x}}, Mod[x, 1]];
Needs["CompiledFunctionTools`"];
CompilePrint@f1 == CompilePrint@f2
(* True *)
Compile`DLLFunctionLoad / Compile`DLLLoad
These one seemsseem to perform the same functions as LibraryFunctionLoad:
fun1 = LibraryFunctionLoad["demo", "demo_I_I", {Integer}, Integer]
fun2 = Compile`DLLFunctionLoad["demo", "demo_I_I", {Integer}, Integer]
fun1[10] == fun2[10]
(* True *)