*Update: Sorry, my internet was sporadically on, mostly out, after I first posted.*
**Recent-version solution**
Eventually, I hope to find the Q&A where this issue arose with a change in behavior of `Series[]` that @azerbajdzan alludes to, whether knowingly or not. After the comment, I recalled someone coming up with the following workaround. I may have been me, ironically. I include it in case someone coming across this Q&A is looking for a way to cull the up-to-linear terms of an expression that has only high-order terms.
Normal[(A /. v : Alternatives @@ Variables[A] :> v $t) +
O[$t]^2] /. $t -> 1
(* -1 + a + b *)
Normal[(a^4 /. v : Alternatives @@ Variables[A] :> v $t) +
O[$t]^2] /. $t -> 1
(* 0 *)
Here is one reference to the issue in V14.3 (by me :), but it states the problem was pointed out earlier:
- https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/314968/unexpected-behavior-of-series-for-version-14-3/314979#314979
**Early-version alternate solution**
Here is the standard way (I think it's found in several places on site):
Normal@Series[
A /. v : Alternatives @@ Variables[A] :> v $t, {$t, 0,
1}] /. $t -> 1
(* -1 + a + b *)
---
**Explanation**
First, `Variables[A]` finds all variables in the expression:
Variables[A]
(* {a, b, c, d, e, f} *)
The code
v : Alternatives @@ Variables[A] :> v $t
(* v : a | b | c | d | e | f :> v $t *)
creates a replacement rule that can be understood as follows. First, `v : ...` gives an explicit name `v` to the stuff that follows. The expression `a | b | c | d | e | f` read roughly as `a` or `b` or `c` or `d` or `e` or `f` (although this isn't the logical operator `Or`; instead, this is what's used in pattern matching to indicate that any of those expressions match the pattern)
Thus, `v : a | b | c | d | e | f` reads as "If the expression is exactly the same as `a` or `b` or `c` or `d` or `e` or `f`, call that expression `v`". Then, the replacement rule means to take such a `v` and replace it with `v*$t`, where `$t` is just a place-holder variable name.
Finally, we apply the replacement rule using `ReplaceAll` (`/.`), and so
A /. v : Alternatives @@ Variables[A] :> v $t
replaces every instance of `a` or `b` or `c` or `d` or `e` or `f` that appears in `A` with the same variable but multiplied by `$t`.
Finally, we perform a Taylor series about `$t=0` out to first order, which will keep only terms that have one instance of the variables. Finally, `Normal` cuts off the `O[$t]^2` term so that we can turn this back into a standard expression, and we replace every instance of `$t` with 1 using `... /. $t ->1` to get back the original variables.