Your actual configs are missing from your question, so we can only provide general advice:
- Tag VLANs between switches and routers (trunking) and use a single untagged VLAN on access port towards end nodes.
- Configure tagged VLANs in exactly the same way on both sides of a link - switch ports use VLAN membership, routed ports most often subinterfaces.
- Check VLAN connectivity by inspecting the MAC table on a switch, or ARP/NDP caches on routed interfaces.
- Each node needs to be able to ping (or at least ARP) its default gateway.
- Don't forget DHCP on extra VLANs for end nodes expecting automatic configuration - either a directly attached DHCP server or a DHCP relay.
- VLANs need to be routed in between, either by an L3 switch or a router.
- Don't forget to propagate new VLAN subnets to routers that are not directly attached. You can use static routes or a routing protocol like OSPF. Without proper routing, packets end up taking the default route.