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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2014 Oct 18:13:101.
doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-101.

Consumption of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol lowering foods improves blood lipids without affecting concentrations of fat soluble compounds

Vanu R Ramprasath, David J A Jenkins, Benoit Lamarche, Cyril W C Kendall, Dorothea Faulkner, Luba Cermakova, Patrick Couture, Chris Ireland, Shahad Abdulnour, Darshna Patel, Balachandran Bashyam, Korbua Srichaikul, Russell J de Souza, Edward Vidgen, Robert G Josse, Lawrence A Leiter, Philip W Connelly, Jiri Frohlich, Peter J H Jones  1
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Consumption of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol lowering foods improves blood lipids without affecting concentrations of fat soluble compounds

Vanu R Ramprasath et al. Nutr J. .

Abstract

Background: Consumption of a cholesterol lowering dietary portfolio including plant sterols (PS), viscous fibre, soy proteins and nuts for 6 months improves blood lipid profile. Plant sterols reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption and concerns have been raised whether PS consumption reduces fat soluble vitamin absorption.

Objective: The objective was to determine effects of consumption of a cholesterol lowering dietary portfolio on circulating concentrations of PS and fat soluble vitamins.

Methods: Using a parallel design study, 351 hyperlipidemic participants from 4 centres across Canada were randomized to 1 of 3 groups. Participants followed dietary advice with control or portfolio diet. Participants on routine and intensive portfolio involved 2 and 7 clinic visits, respectively, over 6 months.

Results: No changes in plasma concentrations of α and γ tocopherol, lutein, lycopene and retinol, but decreased β-carotene concentrations were observed with intensive (week 12: p = 0.045; week 24: p = 0.039) and routine (week 12: p = 0.031; week 24: p = 0.078) portfolio groups compared to control. However, cholesterol adjusted β-carotene and fat soluble compound concentrations were not different compared to control. Plasma PS concentrations were increased with intensive (campesterol:p = 0.012; β-sitosterol:p = 0.035) and routine (campesterol: p = 0.034; β-sitosterol: p = 0.080) portfolio groups compared to control. Plasma cholesterol-adjusted campesterol and β-sitosterol concentrations were negatively correlated (p < 0.001) with total and LDL-C levels.

Conclusion: Results demonstrate that consuming a portfolio diet reduces serum total and LDL-C levels while increasing PS values, without altering fat soluble compounds concentrations. The extent of increments of PS with the current study are not deleterious and also maintaining optimum levels of fat soluble vitamins are of paramount necessity to maintain overall metabolism and health. Results indicate portfolio diet as one of the best options for CVD risk reduction.

Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00438425.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the study protocol. *Indicates visit to the centre; collection of 7-day diet record/check lists, satiety score; body weight and blood pressure measurement and fasting blood collection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Plasma concentrations of plant sterols and their ratios with cholesterol after consumption of portfolio and control diets. a. Campesterol, b. β-sitosterol, c. campesterol:TC, d. β-sitosterol:TC. *Indicates significance compared to respective baseline. †indicates significance with changes from baseline compared to control at respective time point. bindicates significance with changes from baseline compared to routine portfolio at respective time point. Using analysis of covariance with sex, treatment and sex by treatment interaction as main effects and baseline as a covariate. A Tukey adjustment was made for multiple comparisons.
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References

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