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. 2017 Jun 17;13(1):180.
doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1104-6.

Serological and virological surveillance of avian influenza virus in domestic ducks of the north-east region of Bangladesh

Rahul Deb Sarker  1 , Mohammad Giasuddin  2 , Emdadul Haque Chowdhury  1 , Mohammad Rafiqul Islam  3
Affiliations

Serological and virological surveillance of avian influenza virus in domestic ducks of the north-east region of Bangladesh

Rahul Deb Sarker et al. BMC Vet Res. .

Abstract

Background: Wild waterfowl are considered as the natural reservoir for avian influenza (AI) viruses. Bangladesh has been experiencing highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks since 2007, mostly in chickens and occasionally in ducks. Ducks play an important role in the persistence and genetic recombination of AI viruses. This paper presents the results of serological and virological monitoring of AI in domestic ducks in 2013 in the north-east region of Bangladesh.

Results: A total of 871 and 662 serum samples and 909 and 302 pairs of cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs from domestic ducks of Mymensingh and Sylhet division, respectively, were analysed. Antibodies to type A influenza virus were detected by blocking ELISA in 60.73 and 47.73% serum samples of Mymensingh and Sylhet division, respectively. On haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test 17.5% of ELISA positive serum samples were found to be seropositive to H5 avian influenza virus. Five cloacal swabs and one oropharyngeal swab were positive for M gene of type A influenza virus by real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR), but all of them were negative for H5 influenza virus. Three of the six viruses were successfully characterized as H1N5, H2N5 and H7N5 subtype of AI virus, the other three remained uncharacterized. On sequencing and phylogenetic analysis the HA and NA genes were found to be of Eurasian avian lineage. The H7 virus had cleavage site motif of low pathogenic virus.

Conclusions: Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses were detected from apparently healthy domestic ducks. A small proportion of domestic ducks were found seropositive to H5 AI virus.

Keywords: Avian influenza virus; Ducks; Molecular characterization; Phylogenetic analysis; Seroprevalence.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The map of Bangladesh showing the areas of sample collection (shaded and labelled). (Map template source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BD_Map_admin.svg)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
HI antibody titre against H5 antigen among Type A avian influenza ELISA-positive serum samples from domestic ducks
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Amplification of HA (left) and NA (right) gene of avian influenza virus by RT-PCR for sequencing. (M = marker, P = positive control, N = water control, 330 and 18C are two samples)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on the partial H1 gene sequences (600 bp) of H1N5 virus of the present study and representative H1 viruses of different genetic lineages. The scale indicates the number of substitutions per site. The H1N5 sequence of the present study is indicated with a closed circle symbol
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on the partial H2 gene sequences (600 bp) of H2N5 virus of the present study and representative H2 viruses of different genetic lineages. The scale indicates the number of substitutions per site. The H2N5 sequence of the present study is indicated with a closed circle symbol
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on the H7 gene sequences of H7N5 virus of the present study and representative H7 viruses of different genetic lineages. The scale indicates the number of substitutions per site. The H7N5 sequence of the present study is indicated with a closed circle symbol
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
The Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on the N5 gene sequences of H1N5 and H2N5 viruses of the present study and representative N5 viruses of different genetic lineages. The scale indicates the number of substitutions per site. The H1N5 and H2N5 sequences of the present study are indicated with closed circle symbols
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