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  • At least one vendor's HSMs do not use TLS, so can you please list which HSM your question is relevant to? The one I'm familiar with uses a ECDH with ephemeral keys to bootstrap the secure messaging between the P11 provider and the HSM runtime, no TLS involved. It can use mTLS to the appliance, but The Appliance Is Not The HSM. Commented Nov 4, 2025 at 2:49