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blobbymcblobby
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Quick addition, APAS, in its androgynous form, fell out of favor in Russian circles simply because of mass. APAS is of a much greater mass than SSVP leading to the situation where only 2 cosmonauts could be flown instead of the usual 3. The mass of APAS attached led to too many sacrifices elsewhere on payload, so SSVP was carried on.

The only time APAS/ASTP-Soyuz actually flew and docked with another spacecraft was Soyuz 19 (ASTP to Apollo) in 1975. Soyuz 22 started out with APAS but had it replaced with Earth Observing gear instead, but retained the bulked forward shape. Since then, Soyuz TM-16, was the only Soyuz to fly with APAS instead of SSVP.

Where APAS was ok was when it was part of the Buran space shuttle program and the Mir-Shuttle programs (APAS-89).

In January 1993, Soyuz TM-16 was the first Soyuz without a probe and drogue SSVP docking system since 1976. It carried an APAS-89 docking collar to dock with an androgynous docking port on the Kristall module on the Mir space station. This was a test of the docking system in preparation for dockings by the Space Shuttles.

Only two cosmonauts could be carried to keep it within launch weight parameters. This was due to the extra mass caused by the APAS-89 installation.

Later APAS-95, as on the ISS, was no longer androgynous.

Chinese have adopted APAS simply due to their adaptation of former Soviet technology. They do not have the shackles of Soyuz and since they generally do not get the go ahead on projects unless 80% is already technology proven and available, APAS was a much better future-proofing option than SSVP though aperture size remains the same. Shenzhou, heavier and slightly larger than Soyuz allows it to have the heavier docking collar, and does not have the same launcher parameter constraints as Soyuz does. Given its China, it would be very hard to find sources for this.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-16

http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm16.htm

https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/soyuz-tm-apas.htm

Quick addition, APAS, in its androgynous form, fell out of favor in Russian circles simply because of mass. APAS is of a much greater mass than SSVP leading to the situation where only 2 cosmonauts could be flown instead of the usual 3. The mass of APAS attached led to too many sacrifices elsewhere on payload, so SSVP was carried on.

The only time APAS/ASTP-Soyuz actually flew and docked with another spacecraft was Soyuz 19 (ASTP to Apollo) in 1975. Soyuz 22 started out with APAS but had it replaced with Earth Observing gear instead.

Where APAS was ok was when it was part of the Buran space shuttle program and the Mir-Shuttle programs (APAS-89).

In January 1993, Soyuz TM-16 was the first Soyuz without a probe and drogue SSVP docking system since 1976. It carried an APAS-89 docking collar to dock with an androgynous docking port on the Kristall module on the Mir space station. This was a test of the docking system in preparation for dockings by the Space Shuttles.

Only two cosmonauts could be carried to keep it within launch weight parameters. This was due to the extra mass caused by the APAS-89 installation.

Later APAS-95, as on the ISS, was no longer androgynous.

Chinese have adopted APAS simply due to their adaptation of former Soviet technology. They do not have the shackles of Soyuz and since they generally do not get the go ahead on projects unless 80% is already technology proven and available, APAS was a much better option than SSVP. Shenzhou, heavier and slightly larger than Soyuz allows it to have the heavier docking collar, and does not have the same launcher parameter constraints as Soyuz does. Given its China, it would be very hard to find sources for this.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-16

http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm16.htm

https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/soyuz-tm-apas.htm

Quick addition, APAS, in its androgynous form, fell out of favor in Russian circles simply because of mass. APAS is of a much greater mass than SSVP leading to the situation where only 2 cosmonauts could be flown instead of the usual 3. The mass of APAS attached led to too many sacrifices elsewhere on payload, so SSVP was carried on.

The only time APAS/ASTP-Soyuz actually flew and docked with another spacecraft was Soyuz 19 (ASTP to Apollo) in 1975. Soyuz 22 started out with APAS but had it replaced with Earth Observing gear instead, but retained the bulked forward shape. Since then, Soyuz TM-16, was the only Soyuz to fly with APAS instead of SSVP.

Where APAS was ok was when it was part of the Buran space shuttle program and the Mir-Shuttle programs (APAS-89).

In January 1993, Soyuz TM-16 was the first Soyuz without a probe and drogue SSVP docking system since 1976. It carried an APAS-89 docking collar to dock with an androgynous docking port on the Kristall module on the Mir space station. This was a test of the docking system in preparation for dockings by the Space Shuttles.

Only two cosmonauts could be carried to keep it within launch weight parameters. This was due to the extra mass caused by the APAS-89 installation.

Later APAS-95, as on the ISS, was no longer androgynous.

Chinese have adopted APAS simply due to their adaptation of former Soviet technology. They do not have the shackles of Soyuz and since they generally do not get the go ahead on projects unless 80% is already technology proven and available, APAS was a much better future-proofing option than SSVP though aperture size remains the same. Shenzhou, heavier and slightly larger than Soyuz allows it to have the heavier docking collar, and does not have the same launcher parameter constraints as Soyuz does. Given its China, it would be very hard to find sources for this.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-16

http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm16.htm

https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/soyuz-tm-apas.htm

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blobbymcblobby
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Quick addition, APAS, in its androgynous form, fell out of favor in Russian circles simply because of mass. APAS is of a much greater mass than SSVP leading to the situation where only 2 cosmonauts could be flown instead of the usual 3. The mass of APAS attached led to too many sacrifices elsewhere on payload, so SSVP was carried on.

The only time APAS/ASTP-Soyuz actually flew and docked with another spacecraft was Soyuz 19 (ASTP to Apollo) in 1975. Soyuz 22 started out with APAS but had it replaced with Earth Observing gear instead.

Where APAS was ok was when it was part of the Buran space shuttle program and the Mir-Shuttle programs (APAS-89).

In January 1993, Soyuz TM-16 was the first Soyuz without a probe and drogue SSVP docking system since 1976. It carried an APAS-89 docking collar to dock with an androgynous docking port on the Kristall module on the Mir space station. This was a test of the docking system in preparation for dockings by the Space Shuttles.

Only two cosmonauts could be carried to keep it within launch weight parameters. This was due to the extra mass caused by the APAS-89 installation.

Later APAS-95, as on the ISS, was no longer androgynous.

Chinese have adopted APAS simply due to their adaptation of former Soviet technology. They do not have the shackles of Soyuz and since they generally do not get the go ahead on projects unless 80% is already technology proven and available, APAS was a much better option than SSVP. Shenzhou, heavier and slightly larger than Soyuz allows it to have the heavier docking collar, and does not have the same launcher parameter constraints as Soyuz does. Given its China, it would be very hard to find sources for this.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-16

http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm16.htm

https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/soyuz-tm-apas.htm

Quick addition, APAS fell out of favor in Russian circles simply because of mass. APAS is of a much greater mass than SSVP leading to the situation where only 2 cosmonauts could be flown instead of the usual 3. The mass of APAS attached led to too many sacrifices elsewhere on payload, so SSVP was carried on.

The only time APAS/ASTP-Soyuz actually flew and docked with another spacecraft was Soyuz 19 (ASTP to Apollo) in 1975. Soyuz 22 started out with APAS but had it replaced with Earth Observing gear instead.

Where APAS was ok was when it was part of the Buran space shuttle program and the Mir-Shuttle programs (APAS-89). Later APAS-95 was no longer androgynous.

Chinese have adopted APAS simply due to their adaptation of former Soviet technology. They do not have the shackles of Soyuz and since they generally do not get the go ahead on projects unless 80% is already technology proven and available, APAS was a much better option than SSVP. Given its China, it would be very hard to find sources for this.

Quick addition, APAS, in its androgynous form, fell out of favor in Russian circles simply because of mass. APAS is of a much greater mass than SSVP leading to the situation where only 2 cosmonauts could be flown instead of the usual 3. The mass of APAS attached led to too many sacrifices elsewhere on payload, so SSVP was carried on.

The only time APAS/ASTP-Soyuz actually flew and docked with another spacecraft was Soyuz 19 (ASTP to Apollo) in 1975. Soyuz 22 started out with APAS but had it replaced with Earth Observing gear instead.

Where APAS was ok was when it was part of the Buran space shuttle program and the Mir-Shuttle programs (APAS-89).

In January 1993, Soyuz TM-16 was the first Soyuz without a probe and drogue SSVP docking system since 1976. It carried an APAS-89 docking collar to dock with an androgynous docking port on the Kristall module on the Mir space station. This was a test of the docking system in preparation for dockings by the Space Shuttles.

Only two cosmonauts could be carried to keep it within launch weight parameters. This was due to the extra mass caused by the APAS-89 installation.

Later APAS-95, as on the ISS, was no longer androgynous.

Chinese have adopted APAS simply due to their adaptation of former Soviet technology. They do not have the shackles of Soyuz and since they generally do not get the go ahead on projects unless 80% is already technology proven and available, APAS was a much better option than SSVP. Shenzhou, heavier and slightly larger than Soyuz allows it to have the heavier docking collar, and does not have the same launcher parameter constraints as Soyuz does. Given its China, it would be very hard to find sources for this.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-16

http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm16.htm

https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/soyuz-tm-apas.htm

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blobbymcblobby
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Quick addition, APAS fell out of favor in Russian circles simply because of mass. APAS is of a much greater mass than SSVP leading to the situation where only 2 cosmonauts could be flown instead of the usual 3. The mass of APAS attached led to too many sacrifices elsewhere on payload, so SSVP was carried on.

The only time APAS/ASTP-Soyuz actually flew and docked with another spacecraft was Soyuz 19 (toASTP to Apollo) in 1975. The last Soyuz to fly22 started out with APAS (75) was Soyuz 22 in 1976but had it replaced with Earth Observing gear instead.

Where APAS was ok was when it was part of the Buran space shuttle program and the Mir-Shuttle programs (APAS-89). Later APAS-95 was no longer androgynous.

Chinese have adopted APAS simply due to their adaptation of former Soviet technology. They do not have the shackles of Soyuz and since they generally do not get the go ahead on projects unless 80% is already technology proven and available, APAS was a much better option than SSVP. Given its China, it would be very hard to find sources for this.

Quick addition, APAS fell out of favor in Russian circles simply because of mass. APAS is of a much greater mass than SSVP leading to the situation where only 2 cosmonauts could be flown instead of the usual 3. The mass of APAS attached led to too many sacrifices elsewhere on payload, so SSVP was carried on.

The only time APAS-Soyuz actually flew and docked with another spacecraft was Soyuz 19 (to Apollo) in 1975. The last Soyuz to fly with APAS (75) was Soyuz 22 in 1976.

Where APAS was ok was when it was part of the Buran space shuttle program and the Mir-Shuttle programs (APAS-89). Later APAS-95 was no longer androgynous.

Chinese have adopted APAS simply due to their adaptation of former Soviet technology. They do not have the shackles of Soyuz and since they generally do not get the go ahead on projects unless 80% is already technology proven and available, APAS was a much better option than SSVP. Given its China, it would be very hard to find sources for this.

Quick addition, APAS fell out of favor in Russian circles simply because of mass. APAS is of a much greater mass than SSVP leading to the situation where only 2 cosmonauts could be flown instead of the usual 3. The mass of APAS attached led to too many sacrifices elsewhere on payload, so SSVP was carried on.

The only time APAS/ASTP-Soyuz actually flew and docked with another spacecraft was Soyuz 19 (ASTP to Apollo) in 1975. Soyuz 22 started out with APAS but had it replaced with Earth Observing gear instead.

Where APAS was ok was when it was part of the Buran space shuttle program and the Mir-Shuttle programs (APAS-89). Later APAS-95 was no longer androgynous.

Chinese have adopted APAS simply due to their adaptation of former Soviet technology. They do not have the shackles of Soyuz and since they generally do not get the go ahead on projects unless 80% is already technology proven and available, APAS was a much better option than SSVP. Given its China, it would be very hard to find sources for this.

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