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  • What is the file system and what are its options? Commented May 23, 2022 at 9:53
  • Mine is ext4 file system @slhck Commented May 23, 2022 at 9:57
  • If this is an SSD then old data is erased using TRIM, so no need to shred. Commented May 23, 2022 at 10:19
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    Otherwise you should look at attacking the problem from another direction. Full disk encryption will make any disk essentially unrecoverable in the event that the password or key is lost. If you have to handle sensitive data and want to know that it is unrecoverable then all you have to do is to overwrite the key. You'd end up with what appears to be a new blank disk or partition that needs formatting, but the old data is protected by the now lost key and should remain protected until such time as you finally overwrite it with new data. Commented May 23, 2022 at 10:49
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    On U&L SE: How can I be sure that a directory or file is actually deleted? Commented May 28, 2022 at 20:51