Let me illustrate my comment/proposal about [continuous refactoring][1].

## 1. Step - rebuilding your example - V1

Remember? Start somewhere. Here: rebuilding what you posted for compiles. So it's a useful illustration of the *process*.

### Preparations

I took the liberty to:
- simplify your **main.tex** a little bit
- put all your files and folders into folder V1 (see screenshot)
- add more versions later, which match the numbers/versions in my Refactoring comment (in the **main.tex** versions)

[![Refactoring folders][2]][2]

You can use a similar versioning approach (copy folder Vn into V(n+1)), use Git etc. Versioning and backup are certainly on your todo- or done-lists.

So, this is what my **main.tex** looks like in `V1`, for a simplified start:

~~~
% ~~~ REFACTORING ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
%
%  1. getting copies to compile; introducing some formatting
%     activated 1.x and 2.x, dropped bibliography and appendices

\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{lipsum}

%\usepackage[backend=biber,style=ieee]{biblatex}
%\addbibresource{bib.bib}

\usepackage[colorlinks]{hyperref}

% ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\begin{document}
	\input{titlepage/titlepage}
	
	\tableofcontents
	
	\input{1.a/a}
	\input{2.b/b}
	%
	%\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc]
	%\listoffigures
	%\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{List of Figures}
	%\listoftables
	%\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{List of Tables}
	%
	%\appendix
	%
	%\input{appendix/appendixA}
	%\input{appendix/appendixB}

\end{document}
~~~

All needed **.tex** files are as you posted, within this folder structure:

~~~
+- main.tex
+- titlepage/
|   +- titlepage.tex
|- 1.a/
|   +- a.tex
|   +- a1.tex
|   +- a2.tex
|- 2.b/
|   +- b.tex
|   +- b1.tex
|   +- b2.tex
~~~

### MY first refactoring-action

Preferences, tastes, perception etc. do vary from author to author. For me I'd already perceive your main-code as a bit crowded and hard to tell, what goes where. So I followed *my* addiction, to put some code-formatting, see above.

Now, after enough compiles, looking ahead, my first attention point was the titlepage-file ... it should be different in my view (still just for demo-purposes).

To *emphasize*, I line out the *way of thinking*, the *self-improving process*, and less the code itself.


## 2. Step - (first) adjustement of titlepage.tex - V2

Well, in **main.tex** nothing changed, besides my comment/protocol:

~~~
% ~~~ REFACTORING ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
%
%  1. getting copies to compile; introducing some formatting
%     activated 1.x and 2.x, dropped bibliography and appendices
%  2. refactoring titlepage
~~~

While in **titlepage.tex** I took the liberty to
- introduce the titlepage-environement
- add the folder structure (for fanciness)
:

~~~
\begin{titlepage}
Fancy title:
\vspace{1cm}

	\lipsum[1-2]

\vspace{2cm}

Folders and files used:\bigskip
	\begin{verbatim}
+- main.tex
+- titlepage/
|   +- titlepage.tex
|- 1.a/
|   +- a.tex
|   +- a1.tex
|   +- a2.tex
|- 2.b/
|   +- b.tex
|   +- b1.tex
|   +- b2.tex
	\end{verbatim}
\end{titlepage}
~~~

There are millions other ways to design this one ...

[![titlepage][3]][3]

## 3. Step - enabling Chapter 1 to be compiled in two ways:

1. within **main.tex**
2. separately as **a.tex**

### Required changes in main.tex

~~~
% ~~~ REFACTORING ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
% V#  changes
% --- -----------------------------------------------------------
%
%  1. getting copies to compile; introducing some formatting
%     activated 1.x and 2.x, dropped bibliography and appendices
%  2. refactoring titlepage
%  3. adding subfiles to chapter-1 file a.tex, so can be compiled alone

\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{subfiles}	% <<< NEW
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{lipsum}

%\usepackage[backend=biber,style=ieee]{biblatex}
%\addbibresource{bib.bib}

\usepackage[colorlinks]{hyperref}

% ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\begin{document}
	\input{titlepage/titlepage}
	
	\tableofcontents
	
%	\input{1.a/a}
	\subfile{1.a/a}	% <<< CHANGED
	\input{2.b/b}
	%
	%\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc]
	%\listoffigures
	%\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{List of Figures}
	%\listoftables
	%\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{List of Tables}
	%
	%\appendix
	%
	%\input{appendix/appendixA}
	%\input{appendix/appendixB}

\end{document}
~~~

This lets you compile the whole thesis:

[![thesis][4]][4]

### Chapter 1 as a pdf

**a.tex**:

~~~
\documentclass[../main]{subfiles}	% <<< new

\begin{document}		% <<< new
	\chapter{First}
	
	\input{1.a/a1}
	\input{1.a/a2}

\end{document}		% <<< new
~~~

Compiles into, which might be useful for separate inspection, review, crtics:

[![ch1][5]][5]


## 4. Process review and outlook

The 3 steps I showed here are already `refactoring`, like doing pottery on content:
- start simple, with a goal in mind
- gradually transform and check the outcome(s)

Wrt. your thesis I can think of a number of scenarios, like:
- splitting some part of say **a.1.tex** into more subparts (growing, segmenting)
- consolidating: perhaps later you feel, all **b*.tex** files should be in one **b.tex** (growning, merging)
- you recognize, a separate `tikz/` folder with `standalone` drawings is useful
- later you do some finer segmentation on it, like `tikz/ch1/`, `tikz/ch2/` etc.
- and so on

`Refactoring` in itself has no limits. Above I showed impact on the segmentation into `files and folders` you presented. You can also do the same with `content`, i.e. your messages and findings. And as indicated you can refactor the `folders`. E.g. after some cycles you may have ended up like this:

~~~
+- main.tex
+  tikz/
|   +- ch1/
|       +- figure1.tex
|       +- figure2.tex
|   +- ch5/               % look ahead
|       +- figure1.tex
+- titlepage/
|   +- titlepage.tex
|- 1.a/
|   +- a.tex
|   +- a1.tex
|   +- a2.tex
|- 2.b/
|   +- b.tex
|   +- b1.tex
|   +- b2.tex
~~~

It's all no big deal: you move intentionally and controlled, like a mountain climber, from save-to-save / safe-to-safe :)


  [1]: https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/759024/best-practice-for-structuring-a-long-thesis-with-input#comment1893595_759024
  [2]: https://i.sstatic.net/1AJBsY3L.png
  [3]: https://i.sstatic.net/7Kx0nyeK.png
  [4]: https://i.sstatic.net/65Qa29wB.png
  [5]: https://i.sstatic.net/GW5NiFQE.png