you can do:
pax <some.tar
...to list the contents of a tar file.
if you want to know how many levels deep it goes, you can do:
pax <some.tar | tr -dc /\\n | sort -r | head -n1
you can explicitly forbid an explosion on extraction with:
mkdir some.tar
pax -'rs|'rs|^|some.*tar/||'|' <some.tar
but if there are multiple identical basenames in the archive only one of those will survive the process, of course.