Yes, the -ALT switch can be used to run an AUTOST program other than the one named "AUTOST" in the current directory. For example, the following statement will start HTBasic running and will use a file named STARTUP.BAS in the root directory of drive C, regardless of what the current directory is:

C> HTBWin -ALT C:\STARTUP.BAS

To start HTBasic without running any files, direct the -ALT switch to a nonexistent file name for example:

C> HTBWin -ALT junk

The net use command can be used to redirect an LPT port to a shared printer, even if the shared printer is on the same PC. The only way to redirect an LPT port to a TCP/IP address is through a local printer share (to the TCP/IP port) because the net use commands requires a UNC path.

This can be done by following these steps:

1. Make sure your USB printer is shared on the network. (If you are not connected to a network you can workaround this by using a network loop back plug. To create a loop back plug the pins are looped from pin 1 to pin 3, and from pin 2 to pin 6.)
   
   
2. Open a command prompt window. (In Windows 7, you will need to open the command prompt as an administrator.  Go to Start>All Programs > Accessories > Right Click Command Prompt and select Run as Administrator.)
   
   
3. At the command prompt type: net use lptx \\machine_name\share_name
   
   Press the Enter key. Machine_name is the name of the machine on which the printer is shared, the share_name is the shared name of the printer, and the x with lpt is the number of the LPT port you wish to print from. The selected LPT port can be a LPT port that physically either resides on the machine or not. For example:

   net use lpt1 \\abc12345\lj5 /persistent:yes

   (To make the net use connection survive power cycles and reboots, include the "/persistent:yes" at the end of the net use statement.)
   
   
4. Press the Enter key. If the command was successful, a message should return that reads, "The command completed successfully." It may take several seconds depending on the size of the network and/or network traffic.
   
   
5. Verify that the connection was successful by printing a directory from the DOS or command prompt. For example, if lpt1 was captured, type:

   dir > lpt1

   
   
6. Once the printer has been successfully mapped to LPT1 you can then send HPGL or PCL commands through ISC 26.

The following template program can be modified so that the @Oldbdatfile points to your HP workstation bdat file. IT converts the file to a format that can be used in HTBasic. The program creates a new file and place the properly formatted data into the new file

10 DIM Oldbdat$[256]
20 ASSIGN @Oldbdatfile TO "a:\oldbdat.bdat";FORMAT MSB FIRST
30 ENTER @Oldbdatfile;S$
40 CONFIGURE BDAT LSB FIRST
50 CREATE BDAT "c:\newbdat.bdat",1
60 ASSIGN @Newbdatfile TO "c:\newbdat.bdat"
70 OUTPUT @Newbdatfile;Oldbdat$
80 ASSIGN @Oldbdatfile TO *
90 ASSIGN @Newbdatfile TO *
100 END

Make sure the card has been configured correctly in Agilent�s SICL software, and then use the following statement in HTBasic:

LOAD BIN "HPIBS;DEV lan[IP Address]:lan0 ISC 7"

lan0 is the default device name, but you should include whatever the device name is assigned in SICL.

The LAN to GPIB controller can also be loaded into the HTBasic Device Setup found under the Tools menu. Add the HPIBS driver into the list of drivers, and then go into the properties of the driver. The following needs to be entered into the SICL Device name field: lan[address IP]:lan0

Once the driver has been added and configured correctly, you can simply click the "Load" button to load the driver.

Make sure your device has been recognized and configured in Agilent Technologies IO Libraries.

Load the USBS driver using either a LOAD BIN statement, or by going through the HTBasic Device Setup

Example:

LOAD BIN "USBS;DEV xxxx" where xxxx is the SICL Alias, or Device Name assigned in Agilent�s IO Libraries.

First it is very important that the string array declared on the HTBasic side is the Exact size of the string array declared in the DLL.

In HTBasic a String is stored differently than in C++.

Instead of putting a NULL char at the end of the string HTBasic adds two characters to the string which contain the size of the string.

To pass a string array to a DLL you would pass the first element of the array which is received as a pointer to the array in the DLL. Next you need to add 2 to the size of each string in the array in the DLL to compensate for the extra two characters added on by HTBasic. This will allow you to access normally the string array in the DLL.

To send a string array back to HTBasic the opposite needs to happen. Each string in the array needs two have two extra characters containing the size of the string so that HTBasic knows the size of the string and can access them correctly.

Two functions have been written in a file called HTBasicStrings.cpp which allow the strings to be passed to and from the DLL. To download this file click here.

First, plug in the card and then install the HP I/O Libraries (SICL). This done, configure the card using the HP I/O Libraries configuration utility and make a note of the device name given the card. Next, do a CAT from BASIC and see if the GPIOS.DW6 driver is there. Then add the following line to the HBW AUTOST file:

LOAD BIN "GPIOS;DEV devicename ISC 12"

If you have configured the GPIO card with device name "gpio12" then you enter the line as:

LOAD BIN "GPIOS;DEV gpio12 ISC 12"

Then you will be able to write programs that communicate with the GPIO card through ISC 12:

OUTPUT 12;data

The ISC can be changed to whatever you like (except if it conflicts with a predefined ISC, like 10). For example, you could specify ISC 20 with:

LOAD BIN "GPIOS;DEV gpio12 ISC 20"

Microsoft Word 97 and Word 2000 do not include a filter for importing HPGL format graphics files. However, a 32-bit HPGL filter now available from Microsoft Product Support Services can be used with all 32-bit versions of Microsoft Word.

This file is supplied to allow you to import HPGL graphics files into Word 97 or later versions (or any other program that uses the common 32-bit graphics filters).

The HPGL filter does not ship with Word 97 or later versions.

The following file is available for download from the Microsoft Download Center. Click the file name below to download the file: from the support public or following link:

HPGL32 Executable

For more information about how to download files from the Microsoft Download Center, please visit the Download Center at the following Web address

Microsoft Search

GESCAPE code 104 changes line thickness only for HPGL plotters.

To make lines on the CRT appear thicker, put multiple lines next to each other. You can�t make lines thinner on the CRT.

HTBasic for DOS:

ISC 10 defaults to LPT1

ISC 12 defaults to LPT2

HTBasic for Windows:

ISC 10 defaults to Windows Print Manager

ISC 26 defaults to LPT1 or LPT2

The TransEra 900 GPIB IEEE-488 card can be used with Visual Basic only under Windows NT. This is because TransEra doesn�t have any Windows drivers written for the 900 card, but there is a utility written which allows the 900 card to be used under NT through the SICL drivers. This was designed originally for HTBasic, but any program which supports SICL drivers can now access the 900 card under NT.

In order to get the TransEra 900 IEEE-488 card to work in NT, there are a few things that must be done. First, install or confirm that the HP I/O Libraries are installed on your machine. Next, go to the TransEra FTP site and download the 900Util.zip file. This site is at ftp.rmbasic.com. Unzip this file in it�s own directory and run the Setup.exe file. This will install a utility which allows HTBasic to use the HP SICL drivers. Once the TransEra I/O configuration utility is installed, go to Start | Programs | TransEra I_O Configuration | TransEra Configuration Utility. Choose Add Card, and set up the card, or leave the default values and choose O.K. Then Press the update button to save the cards information. Now it should be possible to use the 900 card under NT.

HPIBS
The HPIBS Driver supports HP/Agilent and compatible GPIB cards. Before the driver can be used, the Agilent I/O Libraries must be installed and the interface must be correctly configured for SICL. There are a number of parameters and configuration options which are controlled through the SICL Interface.

GPIB900
The GPIB900 Driver supports the TransEra 900 GPIB card

GPIBNI
The GPIBNI Driver supports NI and compatible GPIB cards. Before the driver can be used the National Instruments software must be installed and the interface must be correctly configured in the NI software. There are a number of parameters and configuration options which are controlled through the NI Interface.

Before using the HP/Agilent GPIB cards from HTBasic, the HPIBS driver that is shipped with HTBasic must be loaded.

Before using the first time you must make sure that the HP/Agilent I/O Libraries, which is shipped with the card, has been installed and that the card is configured correctly in this library. (For more information on configuring cards in the library, see the documentation included with the I/O Libraries. )

Next you can load the driver directly from HTBasic using the Device Setup which is found under the Tools menu, or you can use the following command ( in interactive mode, or in a program)

LOAD BIN "HPIBS;DEV sicl_name ISC isc TIME timeout"

Sicl_name is the name assigned to the card in the Agilent I/O Libraries. It is case sensitive, so enter the name exactly as it appears.

Isc is the Interface Select Code for the Device.

Timeout is the maximum time that the interface will wait for a command to execute before timing out.

Example: LOAD BIN "HPIBS;DEV gpib0 ISC 7"

Once loaded you can write programs that communicate with instruments through the GPIB card via the Interface Select code 7.

10 OUTPUT 705;"*IDN?"
20 ENTER 705;Id$

Note: It is possible to put the load bin command for this driver Into the Autost program so that the driver loads automatically when HTBasic starts up.

In order to use a National Instruments GPIB card from HTBasic, you must load the GPIBNI driver into HTBasic.

Before doing this you must first ensure that the NI Software that is provided with the card is installed and that the GPIB card is correctly configured.

Next, you can load the driver in HTBasic using either the Device Setup found under the Tools menu, or using the following command.

LOAD BIN "GPIBNI;DEV card_name ISC isc BUS bus [NOTSYS|SYSTEM]

Card_name is the symbolic name of the card defined in the NI Software. It is case sensitive.

Isc is the Interface Select Code

Bus is the address of the card on the GPIB bus

NOTSYS if the card is not the system controller

SYSTEM if the card is system controller.

Example: LOAD BIN "GPIBNI;DEV gpib0 ISC 7"

You can now write programs that communicate with instruments connected to the GPIB card through Interface Select Code 7

Once loaded you can write programs that communicate with instruments through the GPIB card via the Interface Select code 7.

10 OUTPUT 705;"*IDN?"
20 ENTER 705;Id$

Note: It is possible to put the load bin command into the Autost program so that the driver will be automatically loaded at startup.

First make sure that the HP/Agilent I/O libraries is installed. Install the Tams driver that came with the Tams GPIO card and Insert the Tams GPIO card in the PC.

Next Configure the Tams Card in the I/O Libraries. Take note of the SICL name give to the card.

Now load the GPIOS driver using the following command:

LOAD BIN "GPIOS";DEV name ISC isc"

Name is the SICL name given to the card in the I/O Libraries.
Isc is the Interface Select Code

Example: LOAD BIN "GPIOS;DEV gpio ISC 12"

10 OUTPUT 12;Data !Data to send
20 ENTER 12;Read !Data to read

The ISC can be changed to a different value as long as that value does not cause a conflict with another defined ISC

You can put the LOAD BIN statement in the Autost file so that it gets automatically loaded on startup.

The Serial Number will be required to buy an Update to HTBasic at a reduced price. To find this number, type the following command into HTBasic.

SYSTEM$("SERIAL NUMBER")

Each time HTBasic starts up, it searches in the current directory for a program named "AUTOST". If this program exists, it is automatically loaded and executed. This permits you to load all the necessary drivers that configure HTBasic as you desire and to launch the startup program of your choice.

To change the AUTOST, simply load it and make the desired changes, then RE-STORE the program.

Starting with the 9.0 version of HTBasic, there is nothing special that needs to be done. The new HPIBS driver supports multiple instances of the driver.

Example:

10 LOAD BIN "HPIBS;DEV gpib0 ISC 7"
20 LOAD BIN "HPIBS;DEV gpib1 ISC 8"
30 LOAD BIN "HPIBS;DEV gpib3 ISC 13"

With versions earlier then 9.0, it was necessary to make copies of the HPIBS driver, so that there can be multiple HPIBS.dw6 files with different names. Next each Interface loaded needs to use a different file for its driver.

Example:

10 LOAD BIN "HPIBS;DEV gpib0 ISC 7"
20 LOAD BIN "HPIBS2;DEV gpib0 ISC 8"
30 LOAD BIN "HPIBS_X3;DEV gpib3 ISC 13"

The Graphic Description Language HP-Pcl5 contains an HPGL language interpreter that in theory permits printers supporting this language to double as a plotter.

In Practice, before sending HPGL instructions to the printer, you must first put the printer into Plotter mode.

In an HTBasic Program, you would use the PLOTTER IS statement with the PCL5 parameter specifying the port with which the printer is connected. This should automatically put the printer into plotter mode.

Example: PLOTTER IS 26;"HPGL;PCL5"

At the end of plotting, add the instruction PLOTTER IS CRT, "INTERNAL" Which in addition to specifying the crt as printing device, will put the printer back into PCL5 mode.

Note: There are a number of printers that only support the PCL3 language and can not be used as a plotter.

There are at least two methods that allow using multiple printers in an HTBasic program.

Interactive Method:
In this method, it is the operator who will choose the printer he wishes to print to. The program simply opens a Printer Selection Dialog Box, which allows the user to select the desired printer. This is done using a printer control statement:

CONTROL PRT,102;1 !Shows Printer Selection Dialog

On top of just selecting a printer, the operator has access to all the properties associated with the selected printer.

Static method:
This condition allows the programmer to indicate in HTBasic all the possible printers that might be used. This is done from the HTBasic Device Setup found under the File menu. Each printer that is declared in windows can be added to the list of available printers in HTBasic. Each printer them gets associated with an ISC (Interface Select Code) that can be used in the program to indicate which printer the operation will print to.

DUMP DEVICE IS 20 !Select the printer at ISC 20

Yes, using versions 8.0 or Greater of HTBasic. One of the major modifictations of HTBasic 8.0 was the ability to use DLL�s from HTBasic. One of the DLL�s found in the DLL Toolkit provided with HTBasic is the HTBMail DLL. This DLL allows the sending of e-mail from HTBasic

The following program, along with the associated DLL can be found in the DLL ToolKit/Samples/HTBMail folder

DIM Subject$[256]
DIM Body$[256]
DLL LOAD "HTBMAIL"
DLL GET "void HTBMAIL:Sendmail"
Address$="sales@htbasic.com"
Subject$="E-mail sent from HTBASIC"
Attachment$=""
Body$="Hello, How are you?"
Sendmail(Address$,Subject$,Attachment$,Body$)
DLL UNLOAD ALL
END

If a program�s Source Code is placed on a Workstation, there is the potential risk that the program could be altered by the User if the workstation uses the HTBasic Full Development Version.

The easiest way to avoid this problem is to use the HTBasic Runtime Versions on all Workstations. HTBasic Runtime Versions do not allow the editing of code.

To secure the program even further, the program could be encrypted using the Secure function found in HTBasic versions 9.0 and later. This causes the code to be hidden.

The ultimate step is to compile all or most of the program. The numeric compile can be used for this purpose.

Please download the following PDF chart for a list of supported GPIB cards, and the drivers that support them.

Supported GPIB Table

If you have HTBasic for DOS version 4.3 or above you will find that the PHARLAP.386 file is now included on the distribution diskettes or you can find it in the DOWNLOAD section of our website. In the Legacy Version simply choose to install the DOS version from Windows, and the following steps are done for you. With this new file HTBasic for DOS can be launched from within Windows�. The README.1ST file (also included on the diskettes) contains the following instructions for enabling this feature:

RUNNING UNDER WINDOWS
The following actions are required to run HTBasic under Windows 3.1 or Windows 95.

1. Copy the PHARLAP.386 file from the HTBasic directory to your windows directory.
2. Edit your SYSTEM.INI file and add the following line in the [386Enh] section:
   

   device=pharlap.386

3. Restart Windows and you are ready to assign an icon to HTBasic for DOS!

This is the most common error returned when using the LOAD BIN statement to load HTBasic drivers. Fortunately, the cause of the error is almost always the same: disagreement between driver parameters and actual card settings.

Nine times out of ten , when fielding this call, the answer is found in a discrepancy between the BASE and INT values loaded in the LOAD BIN statement, and the BASE and INT values setup on the card (jumper switches or software settings).

Before you lose any sleep over " Error 167," complete the following checklist:

1. Determine the base address setting and interrupt setting on the card itself.
2. Make sure that these values agree with those specified in the LOAD BIN statement.

If the value of the jumper switches on the card were set to a base address of 2B8 and an interrupt of 2, you would need to assure that the LOAD BIN statement agrees. For example:

LOAD BIN "GPIB;BOARD BASE 2B8 INT 2"

Make sure that no other hardware devices in your computer are set to use this same interrupt.

(Note: On most new motherboards, Interrupt 2 is taken by the motherboards. Other major culprits are network cards and video cards)

When storing HTBasic program files in the PROG file type, there is more information in the file than the simple text entered from the HTBasic editor. As a result, information is saved from one session to another in a PROG file, which is not saved with an ASCII file.

From time to time an unexpected instruction will lead to corruption of the expected PROG file type, and it has been know to cause Abnormal Termination, or problems with stack values.

Fortunately, the remedy is simple. To clean up these files, simply LOAD the problematic file using the LOAD" filename" command. Next, SAVE the file to a temporary filename using the HTBasic SAVE" tempfilename" command. Now, use the GET" tempfilename" command to retrieve the file that was just saved in the ASCII format. Finally, use the RE-STORE " filename" command to return the file to a newly built PROG file.

Many people like to use special escape characters to obtain low-level control of the printer configuration. Under the DOS version this was accomplished using an OUTPUT 10,... statement. Under the Windows� version of HTBasic print jobs are sent through the Print Manager which interprets the escape sequences as normal text. For version 5.2 and newer, ISC 26 has been enabled and is a direct route to the parallel port or what ever is mapped to the parallel port. For older versions of HTBasic, the following example demonstrates how to get around this prob

All of the text following a line number should appear on one line.

10 ASSIGN @P TO "LPT1";FORMAT ON
20 OUTPUT @P;CHR$(27)&"E"&CHR$(27)&"%1B"&CHR$(27)&"&l1O"; !Esc Sequences
30 PLOTTER IS "LPT1","HPGL",2,268,0,190
40 MOVE 50,50
50 LABEL "THIS IS A TEST"
60 POLYGON 30,30,30,
70 ! Sets the printer back to regular mode
80 OUTPUT @P;CHR$(27)&"E"&CHR$(27)&"%1A"&CHR$(27)&"&l0O"; !Esc Sequences
90 ASSIGN @P TO *
100 PLOTTER IS CRT,"INTERNAL"
110 END

This example circumvents the problem by sending all output to the special DOS file descriptor "LPT1" rather than via the Windows� Print Manager.

TransEra�s HTBasic has been tested and found Y2K compliant in the following areas:

1. HTBasic processes date data accurately from, into, and between the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, (including, but not limited to calculating, comparing and sequencing dates).
2. HTBasic will accurately calculate the Year 2000 as a leap year.
3. HTBasic is Y2K compliant when used in accordance with its product documentation.
4. HTBasic is Y2K compliant provided all other products used in combination with HTBasic properly exchange data with it.
5. TransEra�s hardware (i.e. GPIB and GPIO cards) does not have a BIOS; therefore, all TransEra�s hardware has been tested and is Y2K compliant.

TransEra�s High Tech Basic (HTBasic) is a programming language designed primarily for data acquisition and instrument control. In calculating and storing dates in HTBasic, the actual date is provided by the BIOS. The date is converted to the number of seconds since the start of the Julian Period in 4713 BC. Provided the BIOS is Y2K compliant, HTBasic will remain unaffected by any century changes. The TIMEDATE function in HTBasic does not hold the time/date itself; HTBasic makes system calls to get, or set, the time and/or date directly from the operating system.

Like any other programming language, HTBasic does not prevent a programmer from programming dates incorrectly. Therefore HTBasic is Y2K compliant, but specific programs written with HTBasic may not be.

Different revisions of HTBasic have different PROG types. Each PROG type is unique and can only be LOADed by a revision that supports that PROG type. For example I have a file that I STOREd using version 4.1. This file will have a revision 4 PROG type. To open it in a version that supports version 5 PROG types, I must convert the file to ASCII by LOADing it into the older version, then using the SAVE command to save it out. Then I can open the newer version of HTBasic where I use the GET command to bring it into memory.

Then using the STORE command I can store it as a version 5 PROG type. Version 5.0 through version 6.1 for both DOS and Windows are all version 5 PROG types. Typical divisions in PROG type occur with major revision numbers in HTBasic. For example revision 3.x will have a version 3 PROG type. Revision 4 has version 4 PROG type etc.

Many users of HTBasic also possess a spreadsheet program. Those users may find it desirable to use the graphics and analysis capabilities of the spreadsheet program with data from an HTBasic program. This note describes how to write a data file from an HTBasic program and import that data into several popular spreadsheet programs. This note assumes that the reader is familiar with the HTBasic programming language and is somewhat familiar with one or more of the spreadsheet programs discussed.

This note covers the 123 spreadsheet program, version 2.01, from Lotus Corp., the Quattro Pm spreadsheet, version 2.0, from Borland Corp., The Excel spreadsheet, version 2.1, from Microsoft Corp., and the AsEasyAs spreadsheet, version 4.00, from Trius, Inc. The techniques explained here should work with other versions of these spreadsheet programs without much modification, and may also work with spreadsheet programs not considered here.

At the end of the note are examples showing how to graph data produced by an HTBasic program using the graphics capabilities of the spreadsheet programs. This is probably the widest use of spreadsheet programs with HTBasic data.

Creating a Data File in HTBasic Most spreadsheet programs, including all those listed above, can read ASCII files containing numeric data, one row of data per line. If a row contains more than one column of data, the columns are separated by commas. If a field contains non-numeric data, it should be enclosed in quotation marks. This is called comma-separated-value (CSV) format. Many spreadsheet programs can read files with spaces or tabs, instead of commas, separating the column�s, but CSV format seems to be the most universally supported. Although they are not the subject of this note, many database programs can also read data from files in CSV format.

To create a CSV file from an HTBasic program, use the HTBasic CREATE command to create a DOS ASCII file. Put data in the file by opening it using HTBasic ASSIGN command with the FORMAT ON attribute and writing to it using the HTBasic OUTPUT command. This can also be done more simply by using the HTBasic PRINTER IS command to redirect text output from the screen to the file. For example, the HTBasic programs listed below create a file having 37 rows with 2 columns each. The data in the file describes a Lissajous figure. The following example uses the HTBasic ASSIGN command to access the file.

10 INTEGER I
20 DEG
30 CREATE "DATA.CSV",0
40 ASSIGN @Io_path TO "DATA.CSV"; FORMAT ON
50 FOR I=0 TO 360 STEP 10
60 X=COs(REAL(I))
70 Y=SIN(REAL(I*3))
80 OUTPUT @Io_path;X;",";Y
90 NEXT I
100 ASSIGN @Io_path TO *
110 END

The following example creates the same file as the preceding example, but using the PRINTER IS command.

10 INTEGER I
20 DEG
30 CREATE "DATA.CSV",0
40 PRINTER IS "DATA>CSV"
50 FOR I=0 TO 360 STEP 10
60 X=COs(REALI(I))
70 Y=SIN(REAL(I*3))
80 PRINT X;",";Y
90 NEXT I
100 PRINTER IS CRT
110 END

Reading the Data into a Spreadsheet Program 123
To read data from a file in CSV format into 123, run the 123 program. If the data is to be read into an existing worksheet, read that worksheet into the 123 program. Otherwise, use the blank worksheet displayed when the program is run. Using the computer�s arrow keys or a mouse, move the worksheet cursor to the cell that will receive the first data item from the file. Be sure that the area in the worksheet to the right and below the cursor position is empty for at least the number of rows and columns present in the file; any data present in that area of the worksheet will be overwritten by the data from the file. From 123�s main menu, select File, then select Import, then select Numbers (from worksheet mode, type/FIN). When asked for the file name, type the name of the file containing the data generated by the HTBasic program. After you type the name, the data should appear in the portion of the worksheet below and to the right of the cursor.

Excel
To read data in a CSV format file into Excel, run Excel. Using the mouse, select the File menu and select Open in that menu. On the control panel that appears in the center of the screen, type the name of the file, then select OK. The file name must end with the extension .CSV as in the example above; Excel uses the extension to determine the file format. Excel should open a new window and read the data into a new worksheet in that window. The data may be moved to within an existing worksheet using normal Excel commands.

Quattro Pro
Quattro Pro can be operated in a variety of modes. If you are operating Quattro Pro in 123 menu compatibility mode, refer to the instructions for reading data into 123, above. If you are operating Quattro Pro in Quattro mode, follow the instructions below.

Run the Quattro Pro program. If the data from the HTBasic program is to be placed into an existing worksheet, read that worksheet into Quattro Pro. Position the cursor at the row and column that will receive the first data item from the file. The other data items in the file will be placed below and to the right of the cursor position, destroying any data that was already in those cells. From the main menu, select File From the File menu, select Import, then Comma & "" Delimited File. Type the name of the file containing the data generated by the HTBasic program. Press the computer�s Enter key. The data should appear in the spreadsheet at the cursor position.

AsEasyAs
To read data in a CSV format file into AsEasyAs, run AsEasyAs. If the data is to be read into an existing worksheet, read that worksheet into AsEasyAs. Otherwise, use the blank worksheet displayed when AsEasyAs is run. Move the worksheet cursor to the cell that will receive the first data item from the file. Be sure that the area in the worksheet to the right and below the cursor position is empty for at least the number of rows and columns present in the file; any data present in that area of the worksheet will be overwritten by the data from the file. From the main menu, select File, then select Import, then select Values (from worksheet mode, type /FIV). when asked for the file name, type the name of the file containing the data generated by the HTBasic program. After you type the name, the data should appear in the portion of the spreadsheet below and to the right of the cursor.

Graphing Data Produced by an HTBasic Program These examples show how to graph data produced by the HTBasic program using some of the spreadsheet programs discussed in this note.

123
This example uses the data produced by the program segments shown on page 2. The programs produce 37 (x,y) pairs of data that describe a Lissajous figure with three periods in the x direction and one period in the y direction. The program puts this data in a file called DATA.CSV.

Key in one of the HTBasic programs shown on pages 2 and 3. Run the program. After the HTBasic program has created the DATA.CSV file, leave HTBasic. Run 123 by typing "123" at the DOS prompt. A blank worksheet should appear on the computer screen with the cursor at column A1. As outlined in the procedure for reading data into 123, above, type /FIN followed by DATA.CSV. Press the Enter key. The data from the file should appear in columns A and B, rows 1 to 37. Type /GTX to select an X-Y graph. Type X and then A1..A37 and press the Enter key to select cells Al A37 as the x range to graph. Type A and then B1..B37 and press the Enter key to select cells El - B37 as they range of cells to graph. Press the Esc key twice to return to worksheet mode. Press the F1O function key. You should see a graph like the one on the next page.

You may embellish the graph with x and y labels and titles as desired. To print or plot the graph, type /GS and the name of a file in which to save the graph. You can use the PrintGraph program supplied with 123 to print or plot the graph. You can also import the saved graph into a wordprocessor or desktop publishing document.

Excel
This example uses the data produced by the program segments shown on page 2. The programs produce 37 (x,y) pairs of data that describe a Lissajous figure with three periods in the x direction and one period in the y direction. The program puts this data in a file called DATA.CSV.

Key in one of the HTBasic programs shown on pages 2 and 3. Run the program. After the HTBasic program has created the DATA.CSV file, leave HTBasic and run Excel. Select File, then Open, then the file name bar in the window that appears. Delete any default file name found there and type DATA.CSV. Move the mouse cursor to the OK button and click the left mouse button. Excel should read the data and display it in a worksheet, named by default Sheet2. Move the mouse cursor to cell Al in the worksheet. While holding the button down, scroll to cell B87. The cells between cells Al and B37 should be displayed in reverse video. Release the mouse button. From the menu bar, select Edit. From the pulldown menu that appears select Cut. A moving dashed line should surround the cells you have selected. From the menu bar select File. From the pulldown menu that appears select New. Move the mouse cursor to the OK item and click the left mouse button. In the window that appears in the center of the screen select the Chart button. A window containing a graph should appear on top of the worksheet. From the menu bar, select Edit. From the pulldown menu select Paste Special. In the window that appears, be sure the Column button and the Category is in column 1 option are selected. Click the mouse button on the OK item. From the menu bar at the top of the screen, select Chart. From the pulldown menu that appears select Scatter. If your copy of Excel had a default graph of another type, the graph should be redrawn. The graph should be similar to that shown below.

You may embellish the graph with labels and titles as desired, as the one shown above has been. To print the graph, select File from the menu bar and select Print from the pulldown menu that appears. Change any printer options desired. Click the mouse button the the OK item to print the graph. You may also import the graph into any program compatible with the Windows clipboard by selecting the graph and copying it to the clipboard, running the other application, and inserting the clipboard contents into it.

Quattro Pro
This example shows how the independent y axes in Quattro Pro can be used to produce magnitude/phase plots of complex values computed by HTBasic. The example uses the HTBasic program shown below to produce the data for such a graph. The graph is made using Quattro Pro.

10 INTEGER I,J
20 REAL P, Omega,R,L,C
30 COMPLEX Rv
40 DEG
50 READ R,L,C
60 CREATE "COMPLEX.CSV",0
70 PRINTER IS "COMPLEX.CSV"
80 FOR I=3 TO 7
90 FOR J=1 TO 9
100 F=REAL(J)*10.0^I
110 Omega=2.0*PI*F
120 RV=R/CMPLX(R,Omega*L-1.0/(Omega*C))
130 PRINT F;",";20.0*LGT(ABS(RV));",";Arg(RV)
140 NEXT
150 NEXT
160 DATA 1000.0,1.0E-3,1.0E-10
170 END

To try the example, key in the HTBasic program shown above. Run the program. After the HTBasic program has created the DATA.CSV file, run Quattro Pro by typing Q at the DOS prompt. A blank worksheet should appear on the computer screen with the cursor at column A1. As outlined in the procedure for reading data into Quattro Pro, above, type /TIC. Type COMPLEX.CSV in the file name box. Press the Enter key. The data from the file should appear in columns A - C, rows I - 45. Type /CGX to select an X-Y graph. Type SX and then A1..A45 and press the Enter key to select cells Al - A45 as the x range to graph. Type 1 and then B1..B45 and press the Enter key to select cells BI - B45 as the first y range of cells to graph. Type 2 and then C1..C45 and press the Enter key to select cells Cl - C45 as the second y range of cells to graph. Type QCY2SQQ to select the second y axis as that to use with the second series. Type XMLQ to make the x axis logarithmic. Type OGVQ to make the graph have vertical grid lines. Type CMF1L2LQQY2SQQ to make the data be shown as lines. Press the EsC key to return to worksheet mode. Press the F1O function key. You should see a graph similar to the one on the next page.

You may embellish the graph with x and y labels, titles, legends, or other text using the Graph I Text and Graph I Annotate functions. To print or plot the graph, type /RGG.