Spatial planning

This paper aims to present a problematic issue of the spatial planning system in Poland in the context of landscape protection. In his research, the author proves that statutory spatial planning tools fail to be efficient in the area of aesthetic and spatial order. The author has analysed the provisions of the local laws on an example of a selected Polish municipality to answer the question whether local laws effectively protect local natural and cultural landscape that is a major factor for the development of sustainable tourism (a strategic aspect of the business activity in the municipality).

COVID-19 poses a massive challenge to urban public-health emergency and governance systems. Urban planners and policymakers engaged in spatial planning and management should carefully consider how a “people-oriented” principle can be incorporated into spatial-planning systems to reduce the negative impacts on both cities and people. However, there is limited literature discussing the aforementioned issues, particularly using qualitative methods. Therefore, this research aims to explore the implications of COVID-19 on spatial planning, well-being, and behavioural change using Changchun as a case study. Semi-structured interviews are used to examine the views and insights of 23 participants. Our results show that, first, the shift to home working has changed people's way of life, affected their subjective well-being, and significantly affected spatial planning within cities, placing greater demands on architectural design and community spatial planning. Therefore, additional open public spaces and a more supportive infrastructure are required. Second, it is found that Changchun has not established an effective community-based spatial planning system, something which should have been taken into consideration in the master plan for the future. Third, our findings suggest that being a resilient city is vital for the sustainable development of second-tier cities like Changchun, which is reflected in urban development patterns, disaster prevention, and long-term functional layout, among other aspects. This study contributes to the existing literature on resilient cities, particularly from the perspective of sustainability with regard to resilience to and recovery from major urban crises. In terms of policy implications, planning departments should work with public health and public safety departments to formulate guidelines and management rules in order to improve the spatial planning of cities during periods of extraordinary change and challenge.

Underground excavation techniques have become safer, cheaper and faster. Governments of European countries and certain industrial sectors have shown to be prepared to make long-term investments in finding environmentally friendly solutions to resolve infrastructural problems in urban areas resulting from economic growth and increased urbanisation. These two developments have been responsible for a significant increase in European underground infrastructure in the past three decades. An even more spectacular growth can be witnessed in China since 2000. In this paper the use of the subsurface is described against a geological and geotechnical background. In addition, due attention is given to legislation related to underground development. Current legislation in EU countries and beyond is far from adequate to resolve legal issues concerning subsurface structures. In this paper legislation relevant to environmental aspects of subsurface infrastructural elements, and the apparent lack o...

The Gauteng City-Region (GCR) in South Africa is a paradigmatic example of extended urbanization, in which the legacy of mining and apartheid continue to impact spatial practices and the experience of everyday life. The dynamics between urban centralities such as Johannesburg and regional-scale peripheries established by this legacy characterize the "spatiality of poverty" that exists in the GCR today. Yet the relational urbanization processes occurring on these under-researched urban peripheries are also driven by the choices and strategies of people, or "popular agency," as they negotiate both local and regional-scale spaces in pursuit of opportunities. Utilizing the northern part of the GCR as a case study, the article presents ethnographic research including a purposive sampling of informal settlement residents, government officials, and planning experts to discuss how socio-technical strategies focused on capital expenditure for infrastructure and affordable housing often reinforce existing socio-spatial inequalities. At the same time, new "popular centralities" are emerging as individual people exercise their agency to move around the region and produce alternative forms of space. Considering the agency of people calls for a decentered and transdisciplinary approach to urban analysis and spatial planning, with significant implications for both the theory and practice of urban and regional studies today.

India is one of the fastest growing and developing economies as well as societies of the world. An evident consequence of this trend is urbanisation, which poses an immense challenge for the population and political decision-makers of the country, and it is one of the most important social geographical topical research trends concerning India. First, this paper introduces the general urbanisation trends experienced in sovereign India in the 1951–2011 period, in the framework of an analysis of statistical data recorded in censuses, indicating the volume and trends of urbanisation. This step is followed by the demonstration of the structural features and diverse development paths of the million-plus
agglomerations (i.e. agglomerations with at least a million inhabitants), connected to one of its main characteristics depicted by this introductory summary: metropolisation. This also allows the demonstration of the differences between the statistical and functional interpretation of metropolitan areas. Using the quantitative categories defined during the analysis, the authors classify the metropolises of India in terms of types of urbanisation through cluster analysis.

DE FREITAS, D.M., and TAGLIANI, P.R.A., 2007. Spatial planning of shrimp farming in the Patos Lagoon Estuary (southern Brazil): an integrated coastal management approach. Journal of Coastal Research, S1(47), 136-140. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In recent years, aquaculture has been growing all over the world. In the estuarine region of Patos Lagoon (southern Brazil), small pilot shrimp farms

The objective of this work was to analyze social and environmental information through an artificial neural network-self-organizing map (ANN-SOM), in order to provide subsidy to ecologicaleconomic zoning (EEZ) as a tool to reduce the subjectivity of the process. The study area comprises 16 municipalities in the northeast of the state of Pará, Brazil, representative of the agricultural development in the state. Data processing involved three steps: preparation of the data in a geographic information system (GIS) environment; mathematical processing (ANN-SOM) of the data; and visualization and interpretation of the processing results, allowing the spatial planning of northeastern Pará. The results comprised 13 classes, regrouped according to behavioral similarity criteria into four categories, which represent the main areas of sustainability proposed for the state of Pará, according to existing EEZ. The proposed methodology allows individualizing areas in the region that EEZ had not defined, mainly due to the greater possibility of combining and integrating a large number of physical, social, and economic variables through the SOM.

Cohesion policy must promote the adaptation of EU territories, favouring their development in a sustainable manner. As a basic instrument, it is worth highlighting the partnership between cities and citizens, which should impulse a bottom-up contribution towards European policies, as part of a democratic agreement, which facilitates an integrated development and establishes the bases for more ambitious programmes and projects that are directed towards priorities and results such as EU macro-regions.

Policy makers and planners evaluate the implementation of the urban public transport (UPT) planning studies in terms of some objective measures such as load factor, mean volume per trip, capacity usage ratio and total capacity. In some cases, improving these measures may lead an unforeseen decrease on accessibility to the opportunities in terms of UPT users. Thus, this study aims to evaluate Potential Accessibility (PA) as an efficiency measure in decision stage of UPT planning. It widely depends on fieldwork, surveys, data inventories and existing plans. In this context, a comprehensive UPT planning has been carried out through VISUM traffic simulation software by taking the PA into account, and a four-step UPT planning procedure has been proposed. The results showed that PA may alternatively be used as an evaluation instrument in decision stage of UPT planning while the objective measures are insufficient to represent the effectiveness of alternative scenarios.

Spatial  interaction  may  be  defined  as  potentiality  of  people  to  reach  the  opportunities  in  urban  areas.  Land  use  plans  or  transportation  plans  directly  affect  the  potential  of  spatial  interaction.  Thus,  amount  of  spatial  interaction  correspondingly  changes with the planning impacts. This study aims to find and utilize spatial interaction change in decision making stages of residential  area  proposals.  Impedance  matrices  and  land  use  data  have  been  obtained  from  urban  public  transportation  plan  and land use plan of Denizli, Turkey. The spatial interaction of the city has been found by using potential accessibility (PA) measure for the current situation. PA has been calculated for the projection year (2030) and its change has been obtained. A land use regulation algorithm have been offered to find out the amount of area which is required to regain the decreased PA. The space which is proper for residential stock has been compared with the pretended residential area in zonal case. Thus, the zones which are proper for new residential are proposals have been determined.

The use of maps to convey information on the environmental burden and accident risks is increasing. This development is associated with the redefinition of environmental problems in terms of spatial planning. The increased use of maps solves a number of communication problems but also introduces others. The examples given here form the basis for recommendations for future developments.

Настоящото изследване разглежда три урбанистични плана – на Антверпен, Прага и Тирана, отговарящи по форма
и цели на общия устройствен план в българския контекст. И трите плана представляват не само подновяване
на плана на града, но и своеобразно изследване как се прави план по нов начин, в опит да се променят хегемонните разбирания. Всеки от трите града се заема със съществуващите проблеми на градската среда в своя контекст и търси отговор на въпроса „как живеем заедно в XXI век“.
Всеки от трите плана реформира наследената от XX век практика за правене на планове, базирани на основно на функционално зониране. Плановете остават силно свързани с контекстите си, като от една страна анализират и отговарят на желанията и нуждите на гражданите си, от друга преформулират ролята на общинската администрация за създаване на радикално модерна градска среда. Плановете обхващат повече от един мащаб на действие, интегрират се с други нива и форми на градско управление. Наблюдават по-широки градски процеси като обединяват анализи на разнообразни данни, информирайки формулирането на градски политики. Интегрират различни инструментариуми – ясни урбанистични визии, строги и гъвкави регулации, приоритетни стратегически действия и проекти. Плановете биват комуникирани чрез множество дебати и работилници, въпреки че разговорът за плана на града си остава изключително трудна задача. Анализираният тук план на Антверпен вече е въведен в експлоатация, планът на Прага е в начален стадий на обсъждане, а този на Тирана действа от 2017 г.
И трите плана са свързани със специфичните си контексти, неформални и нормативни традиции
на пространственото планиране и развитие. Съответно действията, предприети във всеки един от тях,
не трябва да бъдат разглеждани като опит, който да се приложи директно в българския или друг контекст. Те обаче разкриват принципи на стратегическо планиране и урбанистично действие, които биха могли да вдъхновят нови политики за градско развитие в моменти на криза на публичните пространство и инфраструктура.

Since the 1990s, much attention has been devoted to exploring the extent to which regions in Europe seek to promote their development by capitalizing upon vertical and horizontal links with other territories and governance scales. In the same period, regional policy in many states has evolved from a traditional ‘redistributive’ model towards more territorialized ‘endogenous’ approaches that aim to foster

The aim of this paper is to consider how the emerging European spatial development policy agenda is influencing the performance of regional strategic planning in the United Kingdom. In May 1999 the Ministers of Spatial Planning meeting at Potsdam, Germany, agreed on the final version of the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) to guide spatially significant public policy making at