Frá þrælahaldi til landeigendavalds: Íslenskt miðaldasamfélag, 1100-1400

2016

RANNSÓKNIR Í FÉLAGSVÍSINDUM XI

Ritið

Fræðimenn sem hafa fengist við heimspekisögu síðustu áratugi hafa margir áréttað mikilvægi þess að leita skilnings á viðfangsefni sínu svo sem kostur er á forsendum þess tíma sem um er fjallað en ekki (aðeins) á forsendum þess tíma sem fræðimennirnir sjálfir tilheyra. Þannig yrði skilningurinn dýpri. Hér verður tekið dæmi af umfjöllun fræðimanna um kenningar nokkurra grískra fornaldarheimspekinga um angurleysi (ataraxía). Fyrst eru kenningarnar raktar og skýrðar. Þá eru helstu viðbrögð fræðimanna við þessum kenningum skoðuð. Þessi viðbrögð afhjúpa viðhorf um hvað eiginleg heimspeki sé, að minnsta kosti eiginleg fornaldarheimspeki. Viðbrögðin einkennast annað hvort af neikvæðum gildisdómum, því ekki sé um eiginlega heimspeki að ræða, eða tilraunum til að skýra burt vitnisburðinn, því hann samræmist ekki eiginlegri heimspeki. Hvort tveggja skekkir skilning okkar á viðfangsefninu.

2013

On the evening of October 24 th 2012 a news-reportage was published on the TVshow Kastljós (e. Spotlight) on the Icelandic National Broadcast [RÚV]. In the days preceding, at least nine news items had been published on the RÚV's television, radio and web, although quite varying in scope. The broadcast of Kastljós is analysed on the basis of the village's history and theories of news reportage and TV broadcasts. The representation's evaluation is based on whether information bias occurs such as personalization, dramatization, fragmentation or authority-disorder bias. The information is evaluated on whether it adds to the news that previously had appeared on the RÚV media in the preceding days. The analysis revealed a major focus on fisheries both by the reporter and some of the residents. Some fragmentation was found where the residents' emigration was nearly solely connected to the sale of the local ground-fish processing plant, ship and fishing quota at the end of the last century. Some authority-disorder bias was found in the emphasis on the inaction and impotence of the local and domestic authorities where they were almost personified as a critical entity of the village's problems. Some dramatization was found, mostly in some of the reporter's remarks. Personalization used at the beginning of the show was evaluated as a positive factor as it added to the audience connection to the residents' problems. However it was not backed up as the show proceeded and the fishery quota took the story over. Except for the emphasis on the fishing-quota, the broadcast did not add much information to those revealed in the news previously revealed in RÚV's media in the preceding days.