Information architecture

Information architecture is the structural design of shared information environments, in particular the organisation of websites and software to support usability and findability.

The term information architecture was coined by Richard Saul Wurman.^{[citation needed]} Since its inception, information architecture has become an emerging community of practice focused on applying principles of design, architecture and information science in digital spaces.^[1]

Typically, a model or concept of information is used and applied to activities which require explicit details of complex information systems. These activities include library systems and database development.^{[citation needed]}

The term information architecture has different meanings in different branches of information systems or information technology.^[2]

In user experience design, information architecture has been described as the structural design of shared information environments,^[3]: 4 comprising the study and practice of organising and labelling web sites, intranets, online communities, and software to support user experience, in particular, the findability and usability of information.^[1][4][5] It has also been described as an emerging community of practice focused on bringing principles of design and architecture to the digital landscape.^{[3]: 4 [6]}

Technically speaking, information architecture comprises the combination of organization, labeling, search and navigation systems within websites and intranets,^[3]: 4 serving as a navigational aid to the content of information-rich systems.^[7]

Information architecture can be described as a subset of data architecture where usable data is constructed, designed, and arranged in a fashion most useful to the users of data.^{[citation needed]}

In the field of systems design, for example, information architecture is a component of enterprise architecture that deals with the information component when describing the structure of an enterprise.^[2] Some system design practitioners regard information architecture as strictly the application of information science to web design, which considers such issues as classification and information retrieval, and not factors like user experience and information design.^[2]

Principles of information architecture include the following:^[8][9]

• The principle of objects
• The principle of choices
• The principle of disclosure
• The principle of exemplars
• The principle of front doors
• The principle of multiple classification
• The principle of focused navigation
• The principle of growth

Richard Saul Wurman is credited with coining the term information architecture in relation to the design of information.^{[citation needed]}

From 1998 to 2015, Peter Morville and Louis Rosenfeld were co-authors of Information Architecture for the World Wide Web.^{[citation needed]}

Other authors include Jesse James Garrett and Christina Wodtke.^{[citation needed]}

• Wurman, Richard Saul (1997). Information Architects (1st ed.). Graphis Inc. ISBN 1-888-00138-0.
• Morville, Peter; Rosenfeld, Louis (2007). Information architecture for the World Wide Web (3rd ed.). Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly & Associates. ISBN 978-0-596-52734-1. information architecture.
• Wodtke, Christina (2009). Information Architecture - Blueprints for the Web (2nd ed.). New Riders. ISBN 978-0-321-60080-6.
• Resmini, Andrea; Rosati, Luca (2011). Pervasive Information Architecture - Designing Cross-channel User Experiences (1st ed.). Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 978-0-123-82094-5.
• Van Dijck, Peter (August 1, 2003). Information Architecture for Designers: Structuring Websites for Business Success. Rotovision. ISBN 9782880467319.

• Sue Batley (January 2007). Information Architecture for Information Professionals. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84334-233-5.
• Wei Ding; Xia Lin (15 May 2009). Information Architecture: The Design and Integration of Information Spaces. Morgan & Claypool. ISBN 978-1-59829-959-5.
• Earl Morrogh (2003). Information Architecture: An Emerging 21st Century Profession. Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780130967466.
• Alan Gilchrist; Barry Mahon (2004). Information Architecture: Designing Information Environments for Purpose. Facet. ISBN 9781856044875.