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Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center
DynamicModule
  • See Also
    • Dynamic
    • Module
    • Manipulate
    • LocalizeVariables
    • Interpretation
  • Related Guides
    • Dynamic Interactivity Language
    • Scoping Constructs
    • Low-Level Interface Control
    • Custom Interface Construction
    • Package Development
    • Click-Interactive Panels
    • Control Objects
    • Setting Up User Interactions
  • Workflows
    • Put Autoupdating Dynamic Content in a Notebook
    • Use Locator Controls
  • Tech Notes
    • Introduction to Dynamic
    • Advanced Dynamic Functionality
    • DynamicModule Scoping
    • See Also
      • Dynamic
      • Module
      • Manipulate
      • LocalizeVariables
      • Interpretation
    • Related Guides
      • Dynamic Interactivity Language
      • Scoping Constructs
      • Low-Level Interface Control
      • Custom Interface Construction
      • Package Development
      • Click-Interactive Panels
      • Control Objects
      • Setting Up User Interactions
    • Workflows
      • Put Autoupdating Dynamic Content in a Notebook
      • Use Locator Controls
    • Tech Notes
      • Introduction to Dynamic
      • Advanced Dynamic Functionality
      • DynamicModule Scoping

DynamicModule[{x,y,…},expr]

represents an object which maintains the same local instance of the symbols x, y, … in the course of all evaluations of Dynamic objects in expr. Symbols specified in a DynamicModule will by default have their values maintained even across Wolfram System sessions.

DynamicModule[{x=x0,y=y0,…},expr]

specifies initial values for x, y, ….

Details and Options
Details and Options Details and Options
Examples  
Basic Examples  
Scope  
DynamicModule Variables  
DynamicModule State  
Generalizations & Extensions  
Options  
BaseStyle  
Deinitialization  
DynamicModuleValues  
Show More Show More
ExcludedContexts  
InheritScope  
Initialization  
IncludedContexts  
SaveDefinitions  
SynchronousInitialization  
UndoTrackedVariables  
UnsavedVariables  
Applications  
Properties & Relations  
Possible Issues  
Neat Examples  
See Also
Tech Notes
Related Guides
Related Workflows
History
Cite this Page
BUILT-IN SYMBOL
  • See Also
    • Dynamic
    • Module
    • Manipulate
    • LocalizeVariables
    • Interpretation
  • Related Guides
    • Dynamic Interactivity Language
    • Scoping Constructs
    • Low-Level Interface Control
    • Custom Interface Construction
    • Package Development
    • Click-Interactive Panels
    • Control Objects
    • Setting Up User Interactions
  • Workflows
    • Put Autoupdating Dynamic Content in a Notebook
    • Use Locator Controls
  • Tech Notes
    • Introduction to Dynamic
    • Advanced Dynamic Functionality
    • DynamicModule Scoping
    • See Also
      • Dynamic
      • Module
      • Manipulate
      • LocalizeVariables
      • Interpretation
    • Related Guides
      • Dynamic Interactivity Language
      • Scoping Constructs
      • Low-Level Interface Control
      • Custom Interface Construction
      • Package Development
      • Click-Interactive Panels
      • Control Objects
      • Setting Up User Interactions
    • Workflows
      • Put Autoupdating Dynamic Content in a Notebook
      • Use Locator Controls
    • Tech Notes
      • Introduction to Dynamic
      • Advanced Dynamic Functionality
      • DynamicModule Scoping

DynamicModule

DynamicModule[{x,y,…},expr]

represents an object which maintains the same local instance of the symbols x, y, … in the course of all evaluations of Dynamic objects in expr. Symbols specified in a DynamicModule will by default have their values maintained even across Wolfram System sessions.

DynamicModule[{x=x0,y=y0,…},expr]

specifies initial values for x, y, ….

Details and Options

  • DynamicModule first gives unique names to local variables in expr, just like Module, then evaluates the resulting expression, and then returns a version of this wrapped in DynamicModule.
  • In a notebook, this returned version will often be displayed in an output cell. An example is the output from Manipulate.
  • If interactive changing or editing of Dynamic objects within the displayed form of a DynamicModule results in changes in any values for local variables, then the DynamicModule object is modified to reflect these.
  • Values of local variables in a DynamicModule are by default automatically saved when a notebook containing the DynamicModule is saved, so that these values in effect persist across sessions of the Wolfram System.
  • If you make a copy of a piece of a notebook that contains a DynamicModule object, the local variables in the copy will be independent of the local variables in the original, though they will start with the same values.
  • The following options can be given:
  • BaseStyle {}base style specifications for the displayed object
    Deinitialization Nonean expression to evaluate when the DynamicModule can no longer be displayed
    DynamicModuleValues Automaticdynamically updated data on variable values
    ExcludedContexts Automaticcontexts excluded from SaveDefinitions
    InheritScope Falseconnect DynamicModule variables to another DynamicModule instance
    IncludedContexts Allcontexts considered for SaveDefinitions
    Initialization Nonean expression to evaluate when the DynamicModule is first displayed
    SaveDefinitions Falsewhether to save all definitions related to expr
    SynchronousInitialization Truewhether to perform initialization synchronously
    UndoTrackedVariables Nonevariables which, when changed, should be tracked by the front end's undo mechanism
    UnsavedVariables Nonevariables whose values should not be saved
  • When DynamicModule is first evaluated, initial assignments for local variables are made during the evaluation. Any setting for the Initialization option is evaluated only when the output of DynamicModule is displayed.
  • When a DynamicModule object is displayed for the first time in a particular notebook, saved values for local variables are restored, and then any setting for the Initialization option is evaluated.
  • All values of local variables are saved, except for those included in the UnsavedVariables list. Ordinary values of symbols are saved in the first argument of the DynamicModule; other values are saved in the setting for the DynamicModuleValues option.
  • DynamicModule has attribute HoldAll.
  • DynamicModule constructs can be nested in any way, with inner variables being renamed if necessary.
  • DynamicModule is a scoping construct that implements lexical scoping.

Examples

open all close all

Basic Examples  (1)

Create a Slider with a dynamically updating localized variable:

Copy and paste the output above to get a standalone object:

Scope  (6)

DynamicModule Variables  (3)

Use DynamicModule to localize variables and prevent conflicts with their global counterparts:

Local variables are unique to the generated output:

Assign initial values to local variables, just like Module:

Define a function as a local variable:

DynamicModule State  (3)

Use DynamicModule to save the displayed state across different Wolfram System sessions:

Module only gives unique states in the current Wolfram System session:

Use Initialization to evaluate expressions before displaying the contents:

Initialization is evaluated after the local variable assignments:

Generalizations & Extensions  (1)

Define an arbitrary number of local variables by assigning down values to a variable:

Options  (16)

BaseStyle  (1)

Set the base style:

Deinitialization  (1)

Specify expressions to be evaluated when output is no longer displayed:

DynamicModuleValues  (1)

Function definitions of local symbols are automatically inserted into DynamicModuleValues:

ExcludedContexts  (1)

By default, certain system-internal contexts are not saved in the initialization option:

Use ExcludedContexts{} to save definitions of all non-protected symbols:

InheritScope  (1)

Create a dialog box with a DynamicModule that inherits variables from a parent DynamicModule:

Initialization  (4)

By default, external definitions are lost between kernel sessions:

Use Initialization to save evaluations necessary for the content:

Local variables can also be initialized:

The initialization only runs if the output is displayed:

The first DynamicModule was suppressed by the semicolon, so it never ran its assignment:

IncludedContexts  (1)

Limit recursive inclusion of symbol definitions to the contexts "c1`" and "c2`" only:

SaveDefinitions  (2)

By default, external definitions are lost between kernel sessions:

By setting SaveDefinitions to True, the external definitions are saved with the output:

SynchronousInitialization  (2)

By default, the initializations are evaluated before the output is displayed (synchronously):

Force the output to display while the initializations are evaluated asynchronously:

UndoTrackedVariables  (1)

Create an interface that responds to the Undo menu command:

UnsavedVariables  (1)

Specify symbols whose state should not be saved:

Evaluate the following and move the two sliders, then click Close:

Evaluate the following and note that the second slider does not remember its previous state:

Applications  (3)

Construct a dynamic calculating interface:

Interactive curve fit plot:

An angular slider with range :

Connect the slider to a dynamic variable:

Demonstrate a sinusoidal relationship:

Use PolarPlot to demonstrate a spiral curve:

Properties & Relations  (2)

DynamicModule and Module are fundamentally different although they seem similar:

In this case both sliders will move, and will not work without evaluation when reopened:

Manipulate relies on DynamicModule to create the output:

Possible Issues  (2)

By default, definitions attached to "System`" symbols are not pulled in:

Use ExcludedContexts{} to pull in definitions from all contexts:

Alternatively, attach definitions to your own symbols:

Using an externally declared Module variable in a dynamic module produces a scope conflict:

The boxes reference a leaked temporary Module symbol that has no value after the kernel quits:

Use With to inject the fully resolved Module symbol so it is not referenced by the boxes:

The boxes no longer reference the symbol:

Neat Examples  (2)

Independent state sliders:

Click in the framed area to see bouncing balls:

Use dynamic objects as input; click in the different frames to create additional balls:

See Also

Dynamic  Module  Manipulate  LocalizeVariables  Interpretation

Function Repository: AsynchronousDynamicModule

Tech Notes

    ▪
  • Introduction to Dynamic
  • ▪
  • Advanced Dynamic Functionality
  • ▪
  • DynamicModule Scoping

Related Guides

    ▪
  • Dynamic Interactivity Language
  • ▪
  • Scoping Constructs
  • ▪
  • Low-Level Interface Control
  • ▪
  • Custom Interface Construction
  • ▪
  • Package Development
  • ▪
  • Click-Interactive Panels
  • ▪
  • Control Objects
  • ▪
  • Setting Up User Interactions

Related Workflows

    Related Workflows
    ▪
  • Put Autoupdating Dynamic Content in a Notebook
  • ▪
  • Use Locator Controls

History

Introduced in 2007 (6.0) | Updated in 2008 (7.0) ▪ 2014 (10.0) ▪ 2021 (12.3)

Wolfram Research (2007), DynamicModule, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicModule.html (updated 2021).

Text

Wolfram Research (2007), DynamicModule, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicModule.html (updated 2021).

CMS

Wolfram Language. 2007. "DynamicModule." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2021. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicModule.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (2007). DynamicModule. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicModule.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_dynamicmodule, author="Wolfram Research", title="{DynamicModule}", year="2021", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicModule.html}", note=[Accessed: 01-May-2026]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2025_dynamicmodule, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={DynamicModule}, year={2021}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicModule.html}, note=[Accessed: 01-May-2026]}

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