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Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center
GeoGraphics
  • See Also
    • DynamicGeoGraphics
    • GeoImage
    • GeoListPlot
    • GeoRegionValuePlot
    • GeoHistogram
    • Graphics
    • GeoStyling
    • GeoBackground
    • GeoRange
    • GeoProjection
    • ReliefPlot
    • GeoElevationData
    • CountryData
    • CityData

    • Formats
    • GeoJSON
    • GeoTIFF
    • ArcGRID
  • Related Guides
    • Maps & Cartography
    • Geographic Data & Entities
    • Geodesy
    • Video Computation: Update History
    • Weather Data
    • Scientific Data Analysis
    • Transportation Data
    • Earth Sciences: Data & Computation
    • Locations, Paths, and Routing
    • Charting and Information Visualization
    • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
    • Cloud Execution Metadata
  • Tech Notes
    • GeoGraphics
    • See Also
      • DynamicGeoGraphics
      • GeoImage
      • GeoListPlot
      • GeoRegionValuePlot
      • GeoHistogram
      • Graphics
      • GeoStyling
      • GeoBackground
      • GeoRange
      • GeoProjection
      • ReliefPlot
      • GeoElevationData
      • CountryData
      • CityData

      • Formats
      • GeoJSON
      • GeoTIFF
      • ArcGRID
    • Related Guides
      • Maps & Cartography
      • Geographic Data & Entities
      • Geodesy
      • Video Computation: Update History
      • Weather Data
      • Scientific Data Analysis
      • Transportation Data
      • Earth Sciences: Data & Computation
      • Locations, Paths, and Routing
      • Charting and Information Visualization
      • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
      • Cloud Execution Metadata
    • Tech Notes
      • GeoGraphics

GeoGraphics[primitives,options]

represents a two-dimensional geographical image.

Details and Options
Details and Options Details and Options
Examples  
Basic Examples  
Scope  
Primitives  
Projections and Map Coordinates  
Coordinates  
Options  
GeoBackground  
GeoCenter  
GeoGridLines  
Show More Show More
GeoGridLinesStyle  
GeoGridRange  
GeoGridRangePadding  
GeoModel  
GeoProjection  
GeoRange  
GeoRangePadding  
GeoResolution  
GeoScaleBar  
GeoServer  
GeoZoomLevel  
MetaInformation  
Applications  
Properties & Relations  
Possible Issues  
Interactive Examples  
Neat Examples  
See Also
Tech Notes
Related Guides
Related Links
History
Cite this Page
BUILT-IN SYMBOL
  • See Also
    • DynamicGeoGraphics
    • GeoImage
    • GeoListPlot
    • GeoRegionValuePlot
    • GeoHistogram
    • Graphics
    • GeoStyling
    • GeoBackground
    • GeoRange
    • GeoProjection
    • ReliefPlot
    • GeoElevationData
    • CountryData
    • CityData

    • Formats
    • GeoJSON
    • GeoTIFF
    • ArcGRID
  • Related Guides
    • Maps & Cartography
    • Geographic Data & Entities
    • Geodesy
    • Video Computation: Update History
    • Weather Data
    • Scientific Data Analysis
    • Transportation Data
    • Earth Sciences: Data & Computation
    • Locations, Paths, and Routing
    • Charting and Information Visualization
    • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
    • Cloud Execution Metadata
  • Tech Notes
    • GeoGraphics
    • See Also
      • DynamicGeoGraphics
      • GeoImage
      • GeoListPlot
      • GeoRegionValuePlot
      • GeoHistogram
      • Graphics
      • GeoStyling
      • GeoBackground
      • GeoRange
      • GeoProjection
      • ReliefPlot
      • GeoElevationData
      • CountryData
      • CityData

      • Formats
      • GeoJSON
      • GeoTIFF
      • ArcGRID
    • Related Guides
      • Maps & Cartography
      • Geographic Data & Entities
      • Geodesy
      • Video Computation: Update History
      • Weather Data
      • Scientific Data Analysis
      • Transportation Data
      • Earth Sciences: Data & Computation
      • Locations, Paths, and Routing
      • Charting and Information Visualization
      • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
      • Cloud Execution Metadata
    • Tech Notes
      • GeoGraphics

GeoGraphics

GeoGraphics[primitives,options]

represents a two-dimensional geographical image.

Details and Options

  • GeoGraphics constructs maps of regions of the world or other celestial bodies.
  • GeoGraphics takes a set of geo graphics primitives, does a projection and returns a graphical image.
  • GeoGraphics uses the same primitives as Graphics, with the following additions:
  • GeoBoundsRegion[ranges]latitude-longitude rectangle
    GeoBoundsRegionBoundary[ranges]boundary of a latitude-longitude rectangle
    GeoCircle[pt,r]cartographic circle supporting geo entities
    GeoDisk[pt,r]cartographic disk area supporting geo entities
    GeoHemisphere[pt]hemisphere centered at position pt
    GeoHemisphereBoundary[pt]boundary of a hemisphere, i.e. a great circle or ellipse
    GeoMarker[pts]pushpin supporting geo entities
    GeoPath[pts]cartographic path supporting geo entities
    GeoPolygon[pts]cartographic polygon supporting geo entities
    GeoVisibleRegion[pt]visible area from an elevated point
    GeoVisibleRegionBoundary[pt]horizon from an elevated point
    DayHemisphere[date]half of Earth illuminated by the Sun at a given time
    NightHemisphere[date]half of Earth not illuminated by the Sun at a given time
    DayNightTerminator[date]closed path separating the day and night hemispheres
  • GeoGraphics uses the same directives as Graphics, with the following addition:
  • GeoStyling[mapstyle]display faces of filled geo objects using mapstyle
  • GeoGraphics has the same options as Graphics, with the following additions and changes: [List of all options]
  • GeoBackground Automaticstyle specifications for the background
    GeoCenter Automaticcenter coordinates to use
    GeoGridLines Nonegeographic grid lines to draw
    GeoGridLinesStyle Automaticstyle specifications for geographic grid lines
    GeoGridRange Allprojected coordinate range to include
    GeoGridRangePadding Automatichow much to pad the projected range
    GeoModel Automaticmodel of the Earth (or other body) to use
    GeoProjection Automaticprojection to use
    GeoRange Automaticgeographic area range to include
    GeoRangePadding Automatichow much to pad the geographic range
    GeoResolution Automaticaverage distance between background pixels
    GeoScaleBar Nonescale bar to display
    GeoServer Automaticspecification of a tile server
    GeoZoomLevel Automaticzoom to use for geographic background
    MetaInformation {}meta-information about the map
    RasterSizeAutomaticraster dimensions for the background data
  • GeoGraphics can use vector backgrounds like "Terrain", "Plain" or "Classic", and also raster backgrounds like "StreetMap", "Satellite" or "ReliefMap". The default geo background is "Terrain".
  • GeoGraphics[] gives a map of the world centered at the longitude of the current geo location with default geo styling.
  • AbsoluteOptions can be used to give explicit values for geo graphics settings.
  • GeoGraphics is displayed in StandardForm as a graphical image.
  • Using GeoGraphics requires internet connectivity.
  • Clicking on a geo graphic and selecting the Get Coordinates tool from the Graphics ▶ Drawing Tools allows coordinate information to be interactively read off.
  • List of all options
  • Highlight options with settings specific to GeoGraphics
  • AlignmentPointCenterthe default point in the graphic to align with
    AspectRatioAutomaticratio of height to width
    AxesFalsewhether to draw axes
    AxesLabelNoneaxes labels
    AxesOriginAutomaticwhere axes should cross
    AxesStyle{}style specifications for the axes
    BackgroundNonebackground color for the plot
    BaselinePositionAutomatichow to align with a surrounding text baseline
    BaseStyle{}base style specifications for the graphic
    ContentSelectableAutomaticwhether to allow contents to be selected
    CoordinatesToolOptionsAutomaticdetailed behavior of the coordinates tool
    Epilog{}primitives rendered after the main plot
    FormatTypeTraditionalFormthe default format type for text
    FrameFalsewhether to put a frame around the plot
    FrameLabelNoneframe labels
    FrameStyle{}style specifications for the frame
    FrameTicksAutomaticframe ticks
    FrameTicksStyle{}style specifications for frame ticks
    GeoBackgroundAutomaticstyle specifications for the background
    GeoCenterAutomaticcenter coordinates to use
    GeoGridLinesNonegeographic grid lines to draw
    GeoGridLinesStyleAutomaticstyle specifications for geographic grid lines
    GeoGridRangeAllprojected coordinate range to include
    GeoGridRangePaddingAutomatichow much to pad the projected range
    GeoModelAutomaticmodel of the Earth (or other body) to use
    GeoProjectionAutomaticprojection to use
    GeoRangeAutomaticgeographic area range to include
    GeoRangePaddingAutomatichow much to pad the geographic range
    GeoResolutionAutomaticaverage distance between background pixels
    GeoScaleBarNonescale bar to display
    GeoServerAutomaticspecification of a tile server
    GeoZoomLevelAutomaticzoom to use for geographic background
    GridLinesNonegrid lines to draw
    GridLinesStyle{}style specifications for grid lines
    ImageMargins0.the margins to leave around the graphic
    ImagePaddingAllwhat extra padding to allow for labels etc.
    ImageSizeAutomaticthe absolute size at which to render the graphic
    LabelStyle{}style specifications for labels
    MetaInformation{}meta-information about the map
    MethodAutomaticdetails of graphics methods to use
    PlotLabelNonean overall label for the plot
    PlotRangeAllrange of values to include
    PlotRangeClippingFalsewhether to clip at the plot range
    PlotRangePaddingAutomatichow much to pad the range of values
    PlotRegionAutomaticthe final display region to be filled
    PreserveImageOptionsAutomaticwhether to preserve image options when displaying new versions of the same graphic
    Prolog{}primitives rendered before the main plot
    RasterSizeAutomaticraster dimensions for the background data
    RotateLabelTruewhether to rotate y labels on the frame
    TicksAutomaticaxes ticks
    TicksStyle{}style specifications for axes ticks

Examples

open all close all

Basic Examples  (7)

Show a map of the world centered at your location:

Display a street map centered on your current location:

Draw a polygon showing Italy:

Style a geo polygon with graphics directives:

Display a map of France and areas around it:

Draw a map of Germany only:

Plot the world in a Robinson projection:

Connect two points on Earth with GeoPath:

A map of the area around Olympus Mons on Mars:

Scope  (31)

Primitives  (20)

Plot the US as a geo polygon:

Plot the bounding rectangle of the US, with sides being parallels and meridians:

Draw a straight line between two cities:

Draw a red point at the position of Washington, DC:

Draw points at the positions of buildings of the Acropolis:

Show the location of Madrid with a geo marker:

Plot a set of styled geo disks using different center specifications:

Plot a set of styled geo circles using different center specifications:

Color the part of the Earth currently in daylight:

Color the part of the Earth currently in darkness:

Display the current terminator separating daylight from darkness on the Earth:

Show the shortest path (geodesic) between New York and Hong Kong:

Plot a random path of 70 geodesic steps of 1000 kilometers:

Draw an arrow between two cities:

Draw an arrow with multiple segments:

The visible region from an altitude of 10 km:

The boundary of the visible region from an altitude of 10 km:

Smooth country polygons using geo filled curves:

Show a map of smoothed South American nations:

Plot the area around the Arctic Circle:

Combine a number of geo graphics primitives in one map:

GeoGraphics supports 2D and 3D graphics primitives:

Projections and Map Coordinates  (8)

Large-scale maps use the equirectangular projection by default:

Intermediate-scale maps use the Lambert azimuthal projection centered at the geo range of the map:

Small scales are represented by default using the Mercator projection, to preserve angles:

Choose a projection with default parameters from GeoProjectionData[]:

Specify the parameters of a cylindrical projection using the default center meridian at Greenwich:

For cylindrical projections, easting represents longitude and is returned in degrees. Use radians instead:

Use a scale in kilometers for equatorial distance. The same radius geo disks show distance distortion:

Specify the parameters of an azimuthal projection, mainly the tangency point of the projection plane:

Some azimuthal projections cannot cover the whole world in a single map; the Lambert azimuthal projection can:

Specify the parameters of a conic projection by choosing a centering point:

Choose the standard parallels, which are true to scale, and draw them:

Geo primitives are defined in terms of {lat,lon} positions on the Earth and they are projected:

Standard primitives are defined in terms of map coordinates and they are not projected:

Standard primitives may be placed using GeoPosition[{lat,lon}], which is automatically projected:

A GeoPath (geodesic or loxodrome) is generically curved in the map:

The standard Line primitive is always a straight line in the map:

Coordinates coincide (though reversed) only for the equirectangular projection; use GeoPosition otherwise:

A filled GeoPath has generically curved sides in the map:

The standard Polygon primitive always has straight sides:

Compare both together:

Coordinates  (3)

Coordinate ranges for the map are determined by the total bounding box of all coordinates:

Coordinate specifications outside primitives contribute to the bounding box, but are not plotted:

Therefore this produces a map around a given geographical entity, with default geo range padding:

Coordinates in Graphics primitives that are not wrapped in GeoPosition are considered to be already in final projection. They also count toward the total coordinates range:

Options  (22)

GeoBackground  (5)

Use the default background for map region and background:

Draw a relief map background for a map of the US:

Use a relief map background for world maps with various projections:

Specify a uniform background for the geographic map:

Specify uniform backgrounds for the map and graphic as a whole:

World map with country boundaries:

European country borders in 1900:

Use raster geo backgrounds:

Use vector geo backgrounds:

GeoCenter  (1)

Use GeoCenter to define the center for the map:

The geo range is extended to have Munich at the center of the map:

GeoGridLines  (1)

Use GeoGridLines to overlay the map with lines of latitude and longitude:

Show geo grid lines (constant latitude and longitude) and grid lines (constant projected coordinates):

GeoGridLinesStyle  (1)

Use GeoGridLinesStyle to change the styling for lines of latitude and longitude:

GeoGridRange  (2)

Specify projected coordinate ranges in the coordinate system determined by the projection:

A map of the Chicago area in zone 16 of the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system:

GeoGridRangePadding  (1)

Add padding in the projected coordinate system:

Add positive padding in the horizontal direction, but negative padding in the vertical direction:

GeoModel  (2)

Construct a geodesic path that leaves Rome with NE direction and goes around the Earth three times:

Computations are performed by default on an ellipsoidal Earth, meaning geodesic paths do not close:

Using a spherical model for the Earth results in closed geodesics:

A map of Mars:

GeoProjection  (1)

Use GeoProjection to choose the map projection:

GeoRange  (1)

Use GeoRange to define the latitude and longitude coordinate ranges:

GeoRangePadding  (1)

Use GeoRangePadding to pad the coordinate range for the map:

GeoResolution  (1)

Specify the geo zoom level as an average distance between neighboring pixels:

GeoScaleBar  (1)

Show a map with no geo scale:

Display the geo scale in kilometers:

Show a geo scale in metric and imperial:

GeoServer  (1)

By default, GeoGraphics downloads geo background tiles from the Wolfram geo server:

Use an alternative tile server:

GeoZoomLevel  (2)

Display Canada at the default GeoZoomLevel:

Explicitly specify GeoZoomLevel to obtain a more detailed map rendering:

Display the area around Notre Dame de Paris at different levels of magnification:

MetaInformation  (1)

Meta-information about the map sources:

Add your own meta-information:

Applications  (9)

Make a map of the 50 states in the US with Alaska and Hawaii as insets:

Use polygons, geo circle, and other graphics primitives to build up a geographic map:

Draw thick arrows between pairs of countries:

Show the configuration of continents on Earth 200 million years ago:

Retrieve the epicenter locations of earthquakes in California:

Plot the epicenters on a map of California:

Get the geographic bounds of California:

Make a smooth kernel distribution of the earthquake epicenters:

Plot the results:

Show the results on a map with the epicenters themselves shown as black dots:

Construct street maps of Monaco and Gibraltar:

Transplant Monaco (centered at the Trump Building) and Gibraltar (centered at the Brooklyn Central Library) to New York by modifying the coordinates of the polygon:

Show the shifted Monaco and Gibraltar on top of the city limits of New York:

Define "Australian" transformation and geo disk centered on Australia:

Plot Australia from the rest of the world's perspective:

Plot the rest of the world from Australia's perspective:

Compare a historical map of Paris with a modern street map:

Crop the elegant yet extraneous frame:

Pick three characteristic points on the two maps and identify them with approximate positions:

Plot the resulting points on the maps:

Get a street map of Paris from today:

Find an affine transformation that maps the three points from each map into each other:

Color the modern street map in gray and the historical map in red:

Use the preceding affine transformation to show the two aligned maps over each other:

Smooth out and scale a country by computing a discrete Fourier transform of its boundary:

Superimpose scaled geo B-spline versions of the US border on a map:

Properties & Relations  (7)

GeoGraphics returns a GeoGraphics expression, with a Graphics object in its first argument:

GeoImage returns an Image expression, the background image of the previous result:

GeoGraphics behaves like Graphics with standard primitives, but adds a geo background:

Coordinates are interpreted as {lon,lat} angles in the equirectangular projection:

Add GeoPosition wrappers to use {lat,lon} angles:

Coordinates inside geo primitives are always given in {lat,lon} angles:

Adding GeoPosition does not modify the result:

GeoRange determines the part of the Earth to plot, before projection:

PlotRange determines the part of the map to plot, after projection:

Use GeoRangePadding to extend the geo range:

Use PlotRangePadding to extend the plot range:

Use GeoRangePaddingFull to automatically extend the geo range to cover the initial plot range:

Geographic Entity objects represent the corresponding region or position, but are not geo primitives:

Use Polygon or Point to draw the respective region or point, with default geo styling:

Modify the default geo styling:

The shapes of entities generically undergo distortion upon projection. Here are default (in this case "Mercator") and "Equirectangular" projections for Sweden:

Using GeoGridPosition and an explicit projection, you can project the country by hand:

The coordinates of the manually transformed polygon match the ones from the default projection:

Using Line (or Arrow) inside a geo graphic gives a straight line whose points depend on the projection:

To get a shortest line (geodesic), use GeoPath. Its points are independent of the projection:

Possible Issues  (1)

Because entity classes are taken as a collection of polygons, showing a map of Europe includes internal national boundaries:

Use the "GeographicRegion" entity for Europe instead:

Interactive Examples  (1)

Extract location and times from a time series object representing a short stroll and then compute distance traveled and average speed:

Visualize the result:

Neat Examples  (6)

Drape the African nations in their national flags:

Place flag images on countries and use the country names as tooltips:

Use flag images annotated with country names as tooltips:

Find the graph of neighboring European countries:

Compute a four-coloring:

Show national flags of some countries and speak their names when clicked:

Transform country polygons into shapes with rounded borders using filled B‐spline curves:

Display countries as "puzzle pieces":

Retrieve names, locations, and yields of all nuclear explosions detonated by the United States:

Plot the points on a map:

Paint a purple spiral on France:

Draw the graphic:

See Also

DynamicGeoGraphics  GeoImage  GeoListPlot  GeoRegionValuePlot  GeoHistogram  Graphics  GeoStyling  GeoBackground  GeoRange  GeoProjection  ReliefPlot  GeoElevationData  CountryData  CityData

Formats: GeoJSON  GeoTIFF  ArcGRID

Function Repository: GeoGraphics3D  GeoElevationGraphics3D  OpenWebMap  NoncontiguousCartogram

Tech Notes

    ▪
  • GeoGraphics

Related Guides

    ▪
  • Maps & Cartography
  • ▪
  • Geographic Data & Entities
  • ▪
  • Geodesy
  • ▪
  • Video Computation: Update History
  • ▪
  • Weather Data
  • ▪
  • Scientific Data Analysis
  • ▪
  • Transportation Data
  • ▪
  • Earth Sciences: Data & Computation
  • ▪
  • Locations, Paths, and Routing
  • ▪
  • Charting and Information Visualization
  • ▪
  • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
  • ▪
  • Cloud Execution Metadata

Related Links

  • An Elementary Introduction to the Wolfram Language : Geocomputation
  • An Elementary Introduction to the Wolfram Language : Creating Websites and Apps

History

Introduced in 2014 (10.0) | Updated in 2016 (11.0) ▪ 2019 (12.0) ▪ 2020 (12.2) ▪ 2021 (13.0) ▪ 2025 (14.3)

Wolfram Research (2014), GeoGraphics, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGraphics.html (updated 2025).

Text

Wolfram Research (2014), GeoGraphics, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGraphics.html (updated 2025).

CMS

Wolfram Language. 2014. "GeoGraphics." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2025. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGraphics.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (2014). GeoGraphics. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGraphics.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_geographics, author="Wolfram Research", title="{GeoGraphics}", year="2025", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGraphics.html}", note=[Accessed: 01-May-2026]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2025_geographics, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={GeoGraphics}, year={2025}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGraphics.html}, note=[Accessed: 01-May-2026]}

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