Generally speaking, the central atom in an isolated chloro acid has the following characteristics:
Late transition or post-transition element group. Elements in earlier groups tend to be oxophilic and preferentially form oxo, hydroxo or oxoaquo complexes.
Higher periods, al least fifth and preferably sixth (seventh-period elements in the appropriate groups do hotnot have widely known experimental chemistry). Again, earlier-peeiodperiod elements tend to be more oxophilic, especially in the laterallater groups noted above.
Usually favoring chalcophilic or siderphilicsiderophilic elements in the Goldschmidt classification. LithophilicLithophile metals, which appear primarily in rocks rather than in ores or as native metals, combi ecombine preferentially with oxygen to make those rocks.
The case of antimony(V), a chalcophile element in G15 and P5, is summarized in atomistry.com. The acid and many salts are known, generally having yellow-green color which suggests that this is an intrinsic color of the anion. The +5 oxidation state forof antimony is not strongly oxidizing enough to affect the chloride ligands. Most of the known salts are hydrated, especially with small cations, suggesting that the obtained acid is a hydronium salt like your examples.