Light Cream (CA) has 5% butterfat. Light Cream (US) is 18 to 30% butterfat. (Lite Cream (AU) is roughly 18% butterfat)
Table Cream (CA) is 15% or 18% butterfat.
Single cream (UK) is at least 18% butterfat. Equivalent to Lite Cream (AU), Thickened Cream - Reduced Fat (AU), Table Cream (CA), Coffee Cream (CA). Extra Thick Single Cream (UK) contains stabilizers.
Cream (US) with 5% butterfat is not commonly found in the UK
Half-and-half (US) is a mix of half cream, half milk (about 12.5% butterfat in the US, but 10% butterfat in CA). May be called blend cream (CA).
Cooking Cream (CA (Quebec)) is either 15% or 35% butterfat, thickened with stabilizers and emulsifiers
Country-Style Cream (CA (Quebec)) is either 15% or 35% butterfat, with stabilizers and emulsifiers
Whipping Cream (CA) is 33 to 36% butterfat, and may have stabilizers. Equivalent to Thickened Cream (AU), Pouring Cream (AU) or Single Cream (AU). Whipping Cream (US) may be from 30 to 36% milkfat. Whipping Cream (UK) contains at least 35% butterfat.
Heavy cream (US) aka heavy whipping cream (US) = cream with more than 36% fat, and often has stabilizers
Regular Cream (AU, NZ) or Pure Cream (AU) are roughly 40% butterfat without thickening agents.
Double Cream (UK) is at least 48% milkfat. Extra Thick Double Cream (UK) contains stabilizers.
Rich Cream (AU), Thick Cream (AU), or Double Cream (AU) is a spoonable cream with 48% butterfat or more.
Clotted Cream (UK, CA) or Devon Cream (UK), has been heated to evaporate liquid, resulting in a spoonable cream with about 55% milkfat.
Buttermilk (US, CA, modern usage, aka 'cultured buttermilk') is a fermented product, basically a runny yogurt, while historically buttermilk is the liquid left over after churning butter. Historic buttermilk made with fresh milk is closer to today's skim milk, but if made with sour milk is closer to cultured buttermilk.
Sour cream (US, CA, NZ) = soured cream (UK)
Creamer (US) aka coffee creamer or non-dairy creamer is a non-dairy (but may have some milk derivatives in it) alternative to milk or cream. It can be a shelf-stable powder or a liquid. The liquids often have flavors added. It is sold as whitening in the UK. (example: Nestle's Coffee-mate)
Never seen the term "streusel" before: added a wiki-link for anyone else who might have thought it a typo for "strudel".
TripeHound
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clarified UK use of "pudding", and noted slight difference between plain flour (UK) and American AP flour.