kello

From Proto-Finnic *kello (compare Karelian kello, Ludian kello, Veps kelo), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skellǭ (“bell”) (compare German Schelle and Swedish skälla (“bell”)). The original sense is “bell”; the second sense “clock” developed from the fact that time was traditionally marked by church bells, not clocks with displays (the exact same development took place in Swedish klocka and English clock).

• IPA^(key): /ˈkelːo/, [ˈk̟e̞lːo̞]
• Rhymes: -elːo
• Syllabification^(key): kel‧lo
• Hyphenation^(key): kel‧lo

kello

1. clock (instrument used to measure time)
   1. watch (portable or wearable timepiece)

      Synonyms: rannekello, taskukello

   2. timer (device that gives an alarm after a specified time)

      Synonym: ajastin

      munakello ― egg timer

   3. o'clock (when indicating time)

      Kello on kahdeksan. ― It's eight o'clock. (literally, “The clock is eight.”)

      kello kahdelta ― at two o'clock (literally, “at clock two”)

   4. time (when asking the time or telling exact time)

      Paljonko kello on? ― What's the time? (literally, “How much is the clock?”)

      Kello on 20:32. ― The time is 8:32 pm.

   5. clock (metaphor for regularity)

      Hän tuli joka päivä kellon tarkkuudella. ― He arrived every day with clocklike regularity.

   6. (nautical, aviation) o'clock (used to indicate direction in relation to the vessel's position so that 12 is straight ahead and 6 is straight behind)

      Tunnistamaton lentokone kello kahdessa! ― An unidentified aeroplane at two o'clock!

2. bell (object made of metal or other hard material, which resonates when struck)

   Synonym: soittokello

   vahinko ei tule kello kaulassa

   Kenelle kello soi? ― For whom the bell tolls?

   1. bell (signal at a school)
3. funnel, horn (any bell-shaped object)

   Synonyms: see suppilo

   1. (music) bell (part of a brass instrument)
   2. bellflower (plant of the genus Campanula)

      harakankello ― spreading bellflower, C. patula

      hirvenkello ― bristly bellflower, C. cervicaria

      kiirunankello ― arctic bellflower, C. uniflora

      kissankello ― bluebell, harebell, C. rotundifolia

      kurjenkello ― peach-leaved bellflower, C. persicifolia

      peurankello ― clustered bellflower, C. glomerata

      ukonkello ― wide-leaved bellflower, C. latifolia

      varsankello ― nettle-leaved bellflower, C. trachelium

      vuohenkello ― creeping bellflower, C. rapunculoides

• (o'clock): When used before a numeral, kello is not inflected.

• “kello”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

From Proto-Finnic *kello. Cognates include Finnish kello and Karelian kello.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkelːo/, [ˈke̞ɫːŏ̞̥]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkelːo/, [ˈke̞ɫːo̞]
• Rhymes: -elːo
• Hyphenation: kel‧lo

kello

1. bell

   löövvä kelloa ― to sound the bell

   • 1936, V. I. Junus, N. A. Iljin, Inkeroisin keelen oppikirja alkuşkouluja vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 51:

     Soitti kello. Lapset läksivät stolovoihe.

     The bell rang. The children left for the canteen.

Declension of kello (type 4/koivu, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kello	kellot
genitive	kellon	kelloin, kelloloin
partitive	kelloa	kelloja, kelloloja
illative	kelloo	kelloi, kelloloihe
inessive	kelloos	kellois, kellolois
elative	kellost	kelloist, kelloloist
allative	kellolle	kelloille, kelloloille
adessive	kellool	kelloil, kelloloil
ablative	kellolt	kelloilt, kelloloilt
translative	kelloks	kelloiks, kelloloiks
essive	kellonna, kelloon	kelloinna, kelloloinna, kelloin, kelloloin
exessive1)	kellont	kelloint, kelloloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• Fedor Tumansky (1790), “келло”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 675
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 152

Regional variants of kello

North Karelian (Viena)	kello
South Karelian (Tver)	kello

From Proto-Finnic *kello. Cognates include Finnish kello and Veps kel.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkelːo/
• Hyphenation: kel‧lo

kello (genitive kellon, partitive kelluo)

1. bell
2. (North Karelian) clock
3. (North Karelian) time

Viena Karelian declension of kello (type 1/tyttö, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kello	kellot
genitive	kellon	kellojen
partitive	kelluo	kelloja
illative	kelloh	kelloloih
inessive	kellošša	kelloloissa
elative	kellošta	kelloloista
adessive	kellolla	kelloloilla
ablative	kellolta	kelloloilta
translative	kellokši	kelloloiksi
essive	kellona	kelloloina
comitative	—	kelloloineh
abessive	kellotta	kelloloitta
prolative	—	—
instructive	—	kelloloin

Tver Karelian declension of kello (type 1/tyttö no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kello	kellot
genitive	kellon	kelloloin
partitive	kelluo	kelloloida
illative	kelloh	kelloloih
inessive	kellošša	kelloloissa
elative	kellošta	kelloloista
adessive	kellolla	kelloloilla
ablative	kellolda	kelloloilda
translative	kellokši	kelloloiksi
essive	kellona	kelloloina
comitative	kellonke	kelloloinke
abessive	kellotta	kelloloitta
prolative	kelločči	kelloloičči
instructive	—	kelloloin

Possessive forms of kello
1st person	kelloni
2nd person	kelloš
3rd person	kelloh
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

• A. V. Punzhina (1994), “kello”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
• P. Zaykov; L. Rugoyeva (1999), “kello”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 51
• Pertti Virtaranta; Raija Koponen (2009), “kello”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎^[2], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN