Backport PR #2665 on branch 0.13.x (fix: validate scipy.sparse data on IO)

[flying-sheep]

Backports #2665

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 85.10%. Comparing base (70b430a) to head (e318621).
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           0.13.x    #2679      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   87.98%   85.10%   -2.89%     
==========================================
  Files          49       49              
  Lines        7885     7887       +2     
==========================================
- Hits         6938     6712     -226     
- Misses        947     1175     +228     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/anndata/_core/sparse_dataset.py	91.05% <100.00%> (-1.38%)	⬇️
src/anndata/_io/specs/methods.py	91.33% <100.00%> (-0.25%)	⬇️

... and 11 files with indirect coverage changes