H.D.

H.D.
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Bethlehem (en) , 10 Satumba 1886
ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Harshen uwa	Turanci
Mutuwa	Q23783912 da Zurich (en) , 27 Satumba 1961
Makwanci	Nisky Hill Cemetery (en)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Charles Leander Doolittle
Mahaifiya	Helen Eugenia Wolle
Abokiyar zama	Richard Aldington (mul)  (1913 -  1938)
Ma'aurata	Bryher (mul)
Yara	view Perdita Aldington (en)
Karatu
Makaranta	Bryn Mawr College (mul) Friends' Central School (en)
Harsuna	Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	maiwaƙe, marubuci, autobiographer (en) , jarumi da Marubuci
Sunan mahaifi	H.D.
IMDb	nm0233230

Hilda Doolittle (10 ga watan Satumba, 1886) – Satumba 27, 1961) mawaƙiya ce ta Amurka mai ra'ayin zamani, marubuciya, kuma mai rubuta tarihin rayuwa wacce ta yi rubutu a ƙarƙashin sunan HD a tsawon rayuwarta. Aikinta ya fara ne a shekarar 1911 bayan ta ƙaura zuwa Landan kuma ta kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta avant-garde Imagist tare da mawaki kuma mai sukar Amurka Ezra Pound . A wannan lokacin farko, waƙoƙinta na baituka marasa tsari waɗanda ke nuna salon gargajiya sun jawo hankalin ƙasashen duniya. Daga ƙarshe ta nisanta kanta daga ƙungiyar Imagist, ta gwada nau'ikan siffofi daban-daban, ciki har da almara, tarihin rayuwa, da wasan kwaikwayo na baiti . Dangane da raunin da ta samu a Landan a lokacin Blitz, salon waƙar HD tun daga Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu har zuwa rasuwarta ya karkata zuwa ga dogayen waƙoƙi masu rikitarwa kan jigogi na ban mamaki da na zaman lafiya .

An haifi HD a Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, ga iyaye masu arziki da ilimi. Bayan ta gano cewa tana da sha'awar maza da mata, ta fara soyayya da jinsi ɗaya yayin da take halartar Kwalejin Bryn Mawr tsakanin shekarun 1904 da 1906. Bayan shekaru da dama na abota, HD ta fara yin aure da Pound kuma ta bi shi zuwa Landan a shekarar 1911, inda ya tallafa wa aikinta. Duk da haka, dangantakarsu ta wargaje ba da daɗewa ba, kuma maimakon haka HD ta auri mawaƙin Imagist Richard Aldington a shekarar 1913. A shekarar 1918, ta haɗu da marubuciyar marubuciya Bryher, wacce ta zama abokiyar soyayyarta kuma abokiyar kud da kud har zuwa mutuwarta. An buga HD a matsayin mataimakin editan adabi na mujallar Egoist tsakanin 1916 da 1917 ta The English Review da The Transatlantic Review . A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ƙanenta da mahaifinta sun mutu, kuma ta rabu da Aldington. Sigmund Freud ya yi mata magani a shekarun 1930, yayin da take ƙoƙarin magance matsalar yaƙi da kuma rashin fahimtar juna. ^[1]

HD yana da sha'awar adabin Girka na dā kuma ya buga fassarorin Girka da yawa. Waƙoƙinta sun samo asali ne daga tatsuniyoyi na Girka da mawakan gargajiya, tun daga farkon waƙoƙinta na Imagist waɗanda ke nuna yanayin ƙasa ta amfani da alamomin Hellenistic, zuwa dogon waƙarta Helen a Masar ta shekarun 1950 wadda ta sake fassara tatsuniyoyi na Yaƙin Trojan . Ta renon Moravian daga iyalinta, kuma Pound ta fara gabatar da ra'ayoyin addini na asiri da na ban mamaki a lokacin ƙuruciyarta, HD a hankali ta ƙirƙiri wani ra'ayi na ruhaniya na musamman. Ibada ta ruhaniya ta HD ta ƙaru a lokacin da kuma bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma ra'ayoyinta na haɗin gwiwa sun zama babban abin da ta mayar da hankali a kai a rubuce-rubucenta na baya.

Duk da cewa HD ta yi rubutu a nau'o'i daban-daban da kuma hanyoyi daban-daban a tsawon aikinta, a lokacin rayuwarta an san ta ne kawai saboda waƙoƙinta na farko na Imagist. ^[2] Bayan sake duba da masu sukar mata suka yi a shekarun 1970 da 1980, an fahimci muhimmancin wakokinta da rubuce-rubucenta na baya-bayan nan, kuma an fahimci ta a matsayin babbar jigo a tarihin adabin zamani .

An haifi Hilda Doolittle a ranar 10 ga watan Satumba, 1886, a cikin al'ummar Moravian da ke Bethlehem, Pennsylvania . ^[3] Mahaifinta, Charles, farfesa ne a fannin ilmin taurari a Jami'ar Lehigh da ke Bethlehem, ^[4] kuma mahaifiyarta, Helen ( née Wolle), ^[5] memba ce ta 'yan uwantaka ta Moravian. Hilda tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyar. Lokacin da aka naɗa mahaifinta farfesa a fannin ilmin taurari a Jami'ar Pennsylvania don ya ɗauki nauyin Flower Observatory da ke Philadelphia, [ 7 ] iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Upper Darby .

Ta halarci Makarantar Friends' Central da ke Philadelphia, kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1905. Ta gabatar da jawabin fara karatun, mai taken "Tasirin Mawaki". ^[6] Ta yi rajista a Kwalejin Bryn Mawr a shekarar 1905 don yin nazarin adabin Girka, ^[7] inda ta haɗu da mawaƙa Marianne Moore da William Carlos Williams . Bayan kammala karatunsa na zangon karatu uku, HD ta janye daga kwalejin, ta yi karatu a gida har zuwa shekarar 1910. [ 10 ]

HD ta haɗu da mawaƙi Ezra Pound tun tana ƙarama a shekarar 1901. Pound ta zama abokiyar rayuwa ta har abada kuma ta taka rawa wajen ci gabanta a matsayin marubuciya. A shekarar 1905, Pound da HD sun fara dangantaka mai kama da juna ^[8] wanda ya haɗa da aƙalla haɗuwa biyu. ^[6] Duk da cewa iyayensa suna goyon bayan wannan dangantaka, amma iyayenta sun yi Allah wadai da hakan sosai. [ 13 ] A shekarar 1907, Pound ya ba ta littafin Hilda, wani rubutu da aka yi da hannu wanda ya ƙunshi waƙoƙin soyayya na farko ashirin da biyar, waɗanda ya keɓe mata. ^[7]

A shekarar 1910, Doolittle ta fara dangantaka da Frances Josepha Gregg, wata matashiyar daliba a fannin fasaha a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Pennsylvania da ke Philadelphia. [1] Da wahayi daga Gregg, HD ta rubuta waƙoƙinta na farko da aka buga, waɗanda aka tsara su bisa ga aikin Theocritus . [1] An buga wasu daga cikin ayyukanta na farko, gami da wasu labaran yara game da ilmin taurari, a jaridun New York da kuma wasiƙun labarai na Presbyterian . [ 17 ]

1. ↑ Davies 1997. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDavies1997 (help)
2. ↑ Elise Paschen. |editor-first2= missing |editor-last2= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
3. ↑ Guest 1984. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGuest1984 (help)
4. ↑ Downs 2000. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDowns2000 (help)
5. ↑ Pearson & Dembo 1969. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPearsonDembo1969 (help)
6. 1 2 Silverstein 1990. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSilverstein1990 (help)
7. 1 2 King 1981. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKing1981 (help)
8. ↑ Barnstone 1998. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBarnstone1998 (help)