Abidjan

Abidjan n'umujyi munini nuwahoze ari umurwa mukuru wa Coryte d'Ivoire . Nk’uko ibarura ryakozwe mu 2021, Abidjan yari miliyoni 6.3, na 21.5 ku ijana by'abatuye igihugu ^[1], Abidjan umujyi wa gatandatu utuwe cyane muri Afurika, nyuma ya Logos,Cairo,Kinshasa,Dar es Salaam na Johannesburg Ihuriro ry’umuco muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba, Abidjan irangwa n’urwego rwo hejuru rw’inganda n’imijyi. Numujyi utuwe cyane n'igifaransa muri Afrika yuburengerazuba.

Umujyi wagutse vuba nyuma yo kubaka ikibuga gishya mu 1931, gikurikirwa no kuba umurwa mukuru w’abakoloni b’icyo gihe cy’Abafaransa mu 1933. Kuzuza umuyoboro wa Vridi mu 1951 byatumye Abidjan aba icyambu gikomeye cy'imyanja . Abidjan yakomeje kuba umurwa mukuru wa Coryte d'Ivoire nyuma yo kwigenga mu Bufaransa mu 1960. Mu 1983, umujyi wa Yamoussoukro wagizwe umurwa mukuru wa politiki wemewe wa Coryte d'Ivoire. Icyakora, Abidjan yagizwe ku mugaragaro ko ari umurwa mukuru w’ubukungu w’igihugu, kubera ko ariwo mujyi munini mu gihugu ndetse n’ikigo cy’ibikorwa by’ubukungu. Inzego nyinshi za politiki na ambasade zose z’amahanga zikomeje kuba muri Abidjan.^[2]

Abidjan yari asanzwe ari umudugudu. Mu 1896, nyuma y’uruhererekane rw'ibyorezo byica, abakoloni b’Abafaransa bari babanje gutura muri Grand-Bassam bahisemo kw'imukira ahantu hizewe maze mu 1898 bahitamo aho Abidjan iherereye. Mu 1903 yahindutse umujyi kumugaragaro.^[3] ​​

Abidjan, iherereye ku nkombe ya lagoon n'doupé, yatanze ubutaka bw'inshi n'amahirwe menshi yo kwagura ubucuruzi. Ikibuga kiri muri Petit Bassam mu majyepfo y’umujyi cyahise kirenga ikibuga cya Grand-Bassam gifite akamaro, maze gihinduka ingingo nyamukuru y’ubukungu bw'injira muri koloni. Mu 1904, gari ya moshi yari iherereye mu gace ka Port-Bouët ka Abidjan. Guhera mu 1904, igihe Bingerville yari itaruzura, Abidjan yabaye ihuriro rigari ryiubukungu bw'ubukoroni ry’abakoloni ba Coryte d'Ivoire n’umuyoboro wambere wo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu cy’Uburayi, cyane cyane binyuze mu muryango wa Libani, wariyongereye mu kamaro.^[4]

Igihe Coryte d'Ivoire yigenga mu 1960, Abidjan yabaye ikigo gishya cy’ubuyobozi ndetse n’ubukungu. igice giherereye mu mu majyepfo ya Treichville, cyerekeza ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga ndetse no ku nkombe z'inyanja, habaye umutima w'Abanyaburayi n'abaciriritse bo hagati. Umujyi wiyongereyeho umubare munini w’abaturage mu myaka ibarirwa muri za ^[5] ubwigenge, uva ku baturage 180.000 mu 1960 ugera ku 1.269.000 mu 1978. ^[6]

Kubaka kuri Katedrali yitiriwe Mutagatifu Pawulo , byakozwe n’umwubatsi w’umutaliyani Aldo Spirito, byatangiranye n’itangiriro mu 1980 na Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II birangira mu 1985. Kuva mu mwaka ya za 1980, umutungo wa Abidjan wagabanutse bitewe n’uburangare bw’abayobozi kimwe na ruswa ndetse no gutesha agaciro muri rusange. Muwa 1983, umudugudu wa Yamoussoukro wabaye umurwa mukuru wa politiki mushya wa Coryte d'Ivoire iyobowe na Perezida Félix Houphouët-Boigny, wavukiye Yamoussoukro.^[7]

1. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120913021146/http://www.sphereinfo.com/longitude~latitude/ivory_coast
2. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20130506043624/http://www.districtabidjan.org/gouverneur.php
3. ↑ https://www.seonadancing.com/?lang=en
4. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/12/world/africa/ivory-coast-says-4000-prison-inmates-escaped.html
5. ↑ "Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (1903– ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed". www.blackpast.org. 6 July 2010. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
6. ↑ "Port of Abidjan". World Port Source. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
7. ↑ https://www.weather2travel.com/ivory-coast/abidjan/climate/