Justin Time

Trying to write a game engine as I teach myself C++. Learning (all out of order), and helping others to learn when I can, along the way.

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7h	comment	In Genesis 22:16 why does it emphasize that "you have not withheld your son, your only son"? It may be worth comparing to Galatians 3:16, which clarifies that Abraham's seeds (plural) are his descendents, but his seed (singular) is Jesus Christ. In Genesis, Isaac is a picture/type of Jesus, especially here: God told Abraham to sacrifice his only son, then had him stop and sent a lamb instead. Sent His only son. Abraham did not withhold his only son, just as God did not withhold His only Son. So, it looks like a clear parallel between Gen. 22:16, Gal. 3:16, and John 3:16.
9h	comment	I’m Jody, the Chief Product and Technology Officer at Stack Overflow. Let’s talk about the site redesign ...This does require threading to be both designed used correctly, though, so it may be mere wishful thinking. It feels like it would be more useful to have on meta sites than main sites, too, so perhaps that's a change they should make.
9h	comment	I’m Jody, the Chief Product and Technology Officer at Stack Overflow. Let’s talk about the site redesign Comment threading does at least help to group related comments together, if used correctly. If done well (and importantly, if collapsible ), it has the potential to make long comment chains under a single answer easier to follow, and provide a more natural experience than having to enter a separate discussion room, and/or allows related yet semi-off-topic comments to be grouped in one or more discussion rooms without affecting comments that directly related to the answer. It'd be nice to be able to, e.g., have distinct informational, versioning, and clarification-suggestion threads.
2d	comment	Can it be OK to derive from a standard library type while also violating the Liskov principle? Thinking about it, @JerryCoffin, `not` is a keyword. If the "class namespaces" proposal had taken off, we could've had syntax like, say, `using namespace class Name; not using Name::member;`, where `namespace class` allows `using namespace` syntax with class names, and `not using` allows us to then remove names from the list.
2d	comment	How to overload operator<< for a C-style array passed by reference to a function? @BenVoigt That's true, @BenVoigt. I basically went with `stringstream` since it required the least rewriting, but hadn't been mentioned yet. I wasn't sure how much liberty the OP had to make significant modifications, so I wanted to provide an option that was easier to plug in.
Feb 25	comment	Is the new Stack Overflow beta UX really useful? What is the purpose of these changes? Also bad: The answer box only allows rich text & Markdown modes, it's missing the real site's "Markdown with preview" option.
Feb 25	answered	How to overload operator<< for a C-style array passed by reference to a function?
Feb 25	comment	How to overload operator<< for a C-style array passed by reference to a function? `hexdump()` can also work if it returns a type that has a canonical overload (such as `std::string`), @BenVoigt.
Feb 25	comment	Is the new Stack Overflow beta UX really useful? What is the purpose of these changes? If it's not broken, then there's nothing to fix. And that means no way to look like you're working when you really, really aren't. So companies tend to be common-sense-averse enough to enjoy breaking what isn't broken, sadly. Add to this that the average non-user just sees "hasn't changed in years, so it's outdated", and they break what isn't broken just so it looks different, even if different is worse in literally all possible ways, and provably so by all possible heuristics and tests.
Feb 20	comment	Why two NaNs with the same binary are still not equal to each other but two infs are? That's the point Idran was getting at, @uran42, I believe. When `a` isn't in `f`'s domain, then `f(a)` is an invalid expression, and thus any possible result is by definition not a valid number.
Feb 18	comment	The company plans to remove closing questions and most review queues Separating it out into a separate discussion is good. It lets people focus on this change here, and review the beta on its own merit (or lack thereof) in the original discussion, and keeps the well from being poisoned any further than it already has been. Ideally, we could create a complete separation, with the original discussion addressing the buried change and linking here to discuss it, but I don't think that's particularly likely.
Feb 18	comment	New site design and philosophy for Stack Overflow: Starting February 24, 2026 at beta.stackoverflow.com Or, to paraphrase: People come to SO because they want Stack Overflow, not because they want Reddit. If people want Reddit, they'll go to Reddit. Merely aping Reddit and removing the things that make SO a distinct site with its own identity will be harmful, not helpful; if people have to choose between Reddit or `the Reddit knockoff coasting on the value of its name`, then they'll just choose Reddit. Stack Overflow will lose market space, not gain it.
Feb 18	comment	`reinterpret_cast` between unrelated structs with the same layout Relevant question here. Being layout-compatible doesn't actually do anything for you here, sadly; most compilers will define the result as "it just works" since it's important for C interop, networking, and similar tasks, but it's officially UB. From what I understand from here, it's a weird "yes but no" situation, where the standard suggests that "Yes, this will do what you expect" (and the common initial sequence essentially forbids any other behaviour), but also states that "no, it's still UB".
Feb 18	comment	Why two NaNs with the same binary are still not equal to each other but two infs are? Remember that a NaN represents an invalid, erroneous result. The intent of a NaN is thus to poison the well and invalidate all possible results, so that you don't end up accidentally getting something that looks meaningful when you try to compare the amount of apple juice made from a car door with the amount of apple juice made from Jupiter.
Jan 20	comment	No, I do not believe this is the end Ultimately, the problem isn't that more questions are asked, it's that most of them are 1) low-quality compared to the mainstay of the knowledge-base, and 2) forced to co-exist in the same space as the knowledge base, dooming them to get weeded out (and making the site seem less friendly than it should). The issue can be solved, but it would require a proper way to separate "knowledge base" questions from "help desk" questions, that allows the latter to tie into the former without dragging the KB down, and provides a route for quality "help desk" questions to be promoted to the KB.
Jan 20	comment	C++, __try and try/catch/finally @CosmicHusky That should be... Windows header `excpt.h`, assuming consistent locations across all versions of the Windows SDK. You don't need to include it directly; `#include <windows.h>` brings it in for you. It's actually a macro, to give the intrinsic function `unsigned long _exception_code()` a name consistent with WinAPI standards. It's documented here, to a certain extent; `_exception_code()` itself appears to be undocumented.
Jan 20	comment	(John 16:33, I John 5:4) Who/What overcomes the world? Christ or Faith, or both; or are these the same? It's also relevant that, as Ephesians tells us, we are united with Christ. And as Paul repeatedly describes, when Christ rose, we were in Christ... and as we live our lives now, Christ is in us. And Christ has overcome the world. Because we were in Christ, we overcame when He overcame. Because He is in us, the faith of Christ is in us. And because we are united with Christ, the status of "[having] overcome the world" is extended to us. It's why we're more than conquerers through Christ who loved us: He overcame, and now allows us to share in the rewards as if we had overcome with Him.
Jan 1	comment	How should Hosea 8:4 be reconciled with passages stating that all authorities are appointed by God? ...them up for you to conquer. You weren't too powerful to resist; I kept them from resisting you, so you could be My instrument of judgment. Quit your boasting; you're about to see what happens when I'm not on your side." We see all kinds of things like this throughout scripture, so it reads as God creating the authority, placing the people in their roles, and helping them achieve the tasks He assigned them. But at the same time, because of how much He values free will, He gives people the ability to override His decisions. [Not posting as a full answer, because I'm not 100% certain.]
Jan 1	comment	How should Hosea 8:4 be reconciled with passages stating that all authorities are appointed by God? There was also one other time when God called a king to be His agent of judgment and conquer Israel for their sins, then condemned that very same king for overstepping his bounds & being needlessly cruel in conquering them. God had given the king authority to conquer Israel and exile the people from their land, but He did not give authority to torture the Israelites while he was at it. (I think this was Sennacherib or another Assyrian king?) And when Sennacherib was boasting, God basically said (Isa. 37:26-27), "Hey, Sennacherib, ever wonder why all those nations were so weak? I set...
Jan 1	comment	How should Hosea 8:4 be reconciled with passages stating that all authorities are appointed by God? ...ordered of God, and He set things up & planned them out in advance. (Not based on "destiny", or on forcing them to obey, but based on foreknowledge; God knows how everything will play out before it even starts, so He can prophesy and/or pass judgment right from the start because He knows the end from the beginning.) When Nebuchadnezzar tried to claim the credit for his accomplishments, God outright told him, "I set you up to succeed, I led you, and I helped you. You do not get the credit for this," and passed what might be the most famous non-lethal judgment in the history of the world.