Articles on Informal sector

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South Africa is failing its young people by not creating jobs for them. Photo by Manash Jyoti Das/Gallo Images via Getty Images

South Africa’s jobs crisis: what 10 years of tax data tells us

South Africa shouldn’t settle for a future in which millions who are willing and able to work go hungry while the country waits for the formal sector to grow.
A worker fits solar panels for South Africa’s first municipally owned solar plant in 2025. Photo by RODGER BOSCH/AFP via Getty Images

South Africa’s move to greener energy is creating new jobs, but benefits aren’t evenly spread

A just transition to a green economy with broad growth in employment will require deliberate efforts.
The police intervene with tear gas against anti-tax protestors marching on the Kenyan parliament in Nairobi in June 2023. Photo by Edwin Ndeke/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images

Kenya protests show citizens don’t trust government with their tax money: can Ruto make a meaningful new deal?

Citizens willingly pay taxes in return for government using these resources to provide services such as education and health.
Riders who deliver for online food platforms are self-employed, and can nominate a substitute to deliver on their behalf. John Walton/PA/Alamy

‘I’m always delivering food while hungry’: how undocumented migrants find work as substitute couriers in the UK

Our study of food delivery workers in one English city highlights the daily challenges facing undocumented migrants in this sector.
Ghana’s e-levy has hit traders in the country’s informal sector the hardest. Christophe Gateau/picture alliance via Getty Images

Ghana’s e‑levy is unfair to the poor and misses its revenue target: a lesson in mobile money tax design

Domestic resource mobilisation cannot be achieved by over-taxing the livelihoods of the most vulnerable workers in the informal sector.
A lot of African countries have implemented taxes on electronic transactions. Wikimedia Commons

New data on the e‑levy in Ghana: unpopular tax on mobile money transfers is hitting the poor hardest

The tax on electronic transactions has not generated as much revenue as the government of Ghana expected.

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