Amplifier Chains
Author: the photonics expert Dr. Rüdiger Paschotta (RP)
Definition: amplifiers consisting of several stages
Alternative term: multi-stage amplifiers
Related: Tutorial on Fiber Amplifiers
Part 10: Multi-stage AmplifiersErbium-doped Fiber Amplifier for a Long-wavelength Signaloptical amplifiersmultipass amplifiersregenerative amplifiersamplified spontaneous emission
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An optical amplifier chain is a sequence of several optical amplifiers, which can subsequently amplify some signal. The first stage is often called the preamplifier and the last stage a power amplifier. Such schemes are common in electronics, but also in laser technology (as considered here) because the concept of an amplifier chain can have advantages compared with an approach where the full performance is expected from a single amplifier stage:
- There are certain trade-offs, for example between obtaining a high saturated output power and a high gain. For example, a high saturated output power calls for a large mode area in the last section of the amplifier, while the preamplifier can have a better gain efficiency when the effective mode area is chosen small. The overall performance can then be improved by splitting the amplifier into different amplifier stages which can be independently optimized. In ultrashort pulse amplifiers, the power amplifier may also need increased mode areas for reducing nonlinear optical effects.
- It is also possible to combine different kinds of amplifiers, e.g. a regenerative amplifier as a high-gain preamplifier and a multipass amplifier as a power amplifier with moderate gain, or an optical parametric amplifier with a laser amplifier.
- Sometimes it is necessary to insert certain optical elements between different stages of an amplifier chain. Some examples:
- In many high-gain amplifiers, an optical isolator between the stages reduces the sensitivity to ASE and back-reflections.
- A bandpass filter can strongly reduce the total ASE power for both propagation directions.
- In amplifiers for ultrashort pulse amplification, an optical modulator (e.g. an acousto-optic modulator) between the stages may be opened only for some short time interval during which a pulse is transmitted to the next stage.
- The use of amplifier chains allows for a more modular approach where different performance numbers can be obtained simply by differently combining existing amplifier stages (modules).
Frequently Asked Questions
This FAQ section was generated with AI based on the article content and has been reviewed by the article’s author (RP).
What is an optical amplifier chain?
An optical amplifier chain is a sequence of several optical amplifiers used to amplify a signal. The first stage is often called a preamplifier and the last stage a power amplifier.
What are the advantages of using an amplifier chain over a single amplifier?
Amplifier chains allow each stage to be independently optimized for different parameters, such as high gain or high output power. They also make it possible to insert components like optical isolators between stages and to combine different amplifier types.
What kinds of components are placed between amplifier stages and why?
Components like optical isolators are used to block back-reflections, bandpass filters to reduce noise from amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and optical modulators to select certain optical pulses.
Suppliers
Sponsored content: The RP Photonics Buyer's Guide contains 76 suppliers for optical amplifiers. Among them:

For a variety of applications the output power of single-mode laser diodes is not sufficient. Here TOPTICA offers tapered amplifiers in Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) configuration as well as stand-alone amplifier systems. Tapered amplifiers feature high powers up to 3.5 W with excellent beam quality and without compromising the favorable spectral qualities of their master lasers. MOPA systems feature TOPTICA's low noise and narrow linewidth master lasers and offer convenient and safe operation with DLC pro.

Serving North America, RPMC Lasers offers optical amplifiers boosting power up to 100 W while retaining your laser’s pulse width, beam divergence, and spectral width. Options include DPSS (1 µm), fiber (1–2 µm), SOA (1.3 & 1.5 µm), and OPA (210 nm – 10 µm, tunable).
Customizable for free-space or fiber-based systems, they deliver configurable power, gain, and pulse options—CW or pulsed down to femtoseconds—in OEM to turnkey formats for seamless integration or lab use.
Built for reliability, these robust amplifiers excel in harsh industrial and aerospace conditions, scaling from research to high-precision needs like spectroscopy and LIDAR with proven durability and performance.
Let RPMC help you find the right optical amplifier today!

Innolume offers a wide range of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) for the 780–1310 nm range with a small signal gain of up to 40 dB and a bandwidth of up to 110 nm.
Special types of Innolume’s SOAs, called Booster Optical Amplifiers (BOAs), reach output powers of up to 550 mW and saturation output powers up to 22 dBm.
Our SOAs are equipped with tilted waveguides and anti-reflective coatings to minimize optical feedback, and are available in various packaging options ranging from 14-pin SOA modules to alternative chip placements, including on submounts or as a bare die.

TOPTICA EAGLEYARD offers a variety of tapered amplifiers in different package type. The miniTA is one of the newest innovations.
The miniTA has a fiber-coupled input and collimated output beam and is available in an optimized butterfly package with 14 thicker pins. This hermetically sealed housing is particularly advantageous in industrial applications, as the thicker pins guarantee an ideal supply of power. Furthermore, the forming of the beam, as well as thermal management, are also integrated. Users can enjoy the easy plug-and-play aspect of the fiber plug of the seed laser.

Thorlabs manufactures erbium (Er)-, ytterbium (Yb)-, and praseodymium (Pr)-doped fiber amplifiers for applications from ultrafast pulse amplification to datacom. Along with these stand-alone benchtop amplifiers, optical amplifiers available in pigtailed butterfly packages include InP/InGaAsP or GaAs/InGaAs semiconductor optical amplifiers (BOAs or SOAs). Thorlabs has also developed a family of femtosecond lasers utilizing oscillator-amplifier architectures.

CSRayzer provides several kinds of EDFAs, including multi-channels erbium-doped optical amplifiers, pulsed EDFAs, polarization-maintaining EDFA, with AGC/APC/ACC operation mode. They have a low noise figure and power consumption, high stability and reliability, and can be customized.

MegaWatt Lasers Inc. specializes in producing flash lamp pumped solid-state lasers and pump cavities, which can also be used for amplifiers. Our pump cavities employ the highest reflectivity diffuse reflectors in the industry. We specialize in alexandrite, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and CTH:YAG gain media. We can provide a wide array of standard laser heads, and can assist in the design of a custom devices for specialized applications.

Thanks to their high rare-earth solubility (up to 100,000 ppm) and low phonon energy, LVF fluoride fibers offer dozens of active transitions, enabling a broad range of applications from visible to the mid-infrared, one of which is amplification. For example, LVF praseodymium and thulium doped fibers are used for amplification at 1.3 µm and 1.47 µm respectively. LVF doped fibers for amplification are available as single-mode fiber or double cladding fiber.
Le Verre Fluoré will soon offer laser and amplifier fiber modules. The required fiber will be integrated in a robust housing and connectorized with FC/PC, FC/APC, SMA or custom connectors depending on customer need: this is a plug-and-play module.
Depending on specific needs, modules might include single-mode or multimode splices between fluoride fibers or between silica and fluoride fibers.

Drawing from a rich heritage in fiber optic technologies, MPBC has established itself as a leading provider of optical amplification solutions including:
- Network-ready subsystems including high power EDFAs and patented Raman amplifiers tailored to both new and existing OPGW, terrestrial, and submarine networks.
- An extensive portfolio of gain modules featuring compact and energy efficient EDFAs for the telecom, military, test & measurement, and aerospace markets.
- C-, L-, S-, and O-band benchtop optical amplifiers for research, automated manufacturing workstations, and standalone test stations.
- Custom-designed space-qualified optical amplifiers and high power ground station optical amplifiers for space and military applications.

Based on thin disk technology, our Multipass Amplifier is a high-performance solution ideal for extending the capabilities of your laser, featuring a focus-free, near-collimated beam path for ionization-free air operation, configurable 18/36-pass designs for > 500 mJ, kW-level output, and alignment-free operation.
Key features:
- Amplification passes: 18/36
- Maximum beam diameter: 16 mm
- Maximum pulse energy: 500 mJ
- Monolithic design (of reflector prism and substrate) for excellent mechanical stability

Lumibird manufactures an extensive range of mature and custom-designed optical fiber amplifiers. Our CW models are used for atom cooling, free space communication or optical remote sensing etc., while our pulsed models are used for applications such as high peak power generation or wind sensing LiDAR. Lumibird also manufactures diode-pumped solid-state laser heads used as optical amplifiers.












