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I am making an arduino project with a single lithium ion battery, and want to be able to maintain a constant PWM voltage, even when the battery goes from 4.2-3.2v. I have been able to read the Vcc using the internal 1.1v reference, so I am wondering if I can make some sort of feedback system to increase the duty cycle when the battery discharges, in order to keep the same average voltage on the PWM. I want to be able to make it 3.2v constant, which should be attainable on Vcc from 4.2-3.2, with 100% duty cycle when the battery is at 3.2v.

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    That's just a math problem, and a simple one at that. Read your voltage, calculate the PWM to get the average you want, then apply that PWM. What part is sticking you? Commented Sep 18, 2020 at 4:50
  • That would work. Just note that the 1.1V reference can differ slightly, from chip to chip. So depending on your margin of error, you might have to do a bit of calibration. PS it sound like you already know, but just to reiterate; PWM output doesn't give out an analog voltage, despite the misleading analogWrite function name. You'd have to do some filtering to convert the PWM to a analog voltage. Commented Sep 18, 2020 at 14:08
  • Wouldn't a voltage regulator do that better than an Arduino? Commented Sep 18, 2020 at 17:37

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Simple: duty = (3.2 / vcc) * 255;

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