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I'm trying to write this chart chart I have to copy

I have to make it as close as possible as it is a transcription of a manuscript, so the text must be aligned as in the picture. I can omit the underscores.

I tried using cases in equation mode but the cases at the right side are not aligned vertically. This is the code:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}

\[
\text{Idee}

\begin{cases}
    \text{variabili} & \text{(lettere)}\\
    \text{costanti} 
    \begin{cases}
        \text{generali} & \text{(idee deduttive)}\\
        \text{particolari}
        \begin{cases}
            \text{non definite} & ({}_{"} \text{primitive})\\
            \text{definite} & ({}_{"} \text{derivate})\\
        \end{cases}
    \end{cases} \\  
\end{cases}

\]

\end{document}

I also tried using the shemata package but I couldn't even write the "cases" on the right. Any suggestions? Thanks

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1
  • 1
    Welcome to TeX.SE. Commented Feb 2 at 15:39

4 Answers 4

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16

You can do it with nicematrix.

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{nicematrix}

\begin{document}

\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\begin{NiceTabular}{*{4}{>{\itshape}l}ll}
\Block{3-1}{Idee} & variabili &\multicolumn{3}{c}{\Ldots}& (lettere) \\
& \Block{3-1}{costanti} & generali &\multicolumn{2}{c}{\Ldots} & (idee deduttive) \\
&& \Block{2-1}{particolari} & non definite & \Ldots & (idee primitive) \\
&&& definite & \Ldots & (idee derivabili) \\
\CodeAfter
\SubMatrix\{{1-2}{3-2}.
\SubMatrix\{{2-3}{4-3}.
\SubMatrix\{{3-4}{4-4}.
\end{NiceTabular}
\end{center}

\end{document}

the table

I'd avoid the “ditto marks”, which are really ugly.

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2
  • It's a very nice and clean answer, but it hinges a bit on the fact that the words are of similar length, no? If, say, "variabili" were a much longer word (or "costanti" a shorter one), we'd have a big white gap between "costanti" and the brace to the right. What I mean is, in this particular case it was possible to neatly arrange things in a lattice but, in general, I reckon it wouldn't quite be. Commented Feb 2 at 19:08
  • @impresso Such diagrams require a bit of visual formatting. Not that I'd use them myself, though. Commented Feb 2 at 20:38
12

This could be done using forest:

enter image description here

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[edges]{forest} 

\forestset{mybrace/.style={
    for children={forked edge, edge=rounded corners, fork sep=1mm, align=left, 
        if n=1{child anchor=north west}{if n'=1{child anchor=south west}{no edge}}}
    }
}

\begin{document}

\begin{forest}
for tree={grow'=east, anchor=base west, l sep=3mm, if n children=0{edge=dashed, tier=leaf}{font=\itshape}}
[Idee, mybrace
    [variabili[(lettere)]]
    [costanti, mybrace
        [generali[(idee deduttive)]]
        [particolari, mybrace
            [non definite[(${}_{"}$ primitive)]]
            [definite[(${}_{"}$ derivate)]]
        ]
    ]
]
\end{forest}

\end{document}
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10

I tried to see how far one can go with OP's original idea with the cases structure, without extra packages:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\newcommand{\negphantom}[1]{\settowidth{\dimen0}{#1}\hspace*{-\dimen0}}

\begin{document}

\[
\text{Idee}
\begin{cases}
    \text{variabili}  \dotfill  \phantom{\quad(idee deduttive)} & \negphantom{\quad(idee deduttive\,)} \text{(lettere)}\\
    \text{costanti} 
    \begin{cases}
        \text{generali} \dotfill \phantom{non definite.} & \negphantom{\quad non definite\,}  \text{(idee deduttive)}\\
        \text{particolari}
        \begin{cases}
            \text{non definite}   &   ({}_{"} \text{primitive})\\
            \text{definite}  &    ({}_{"} \text{derivate})\\
        \end{cases}
    \end{cases} \\  
\end{cases}
\]

\end{document}

enter image description here

Credit for negative phantom goes to @Werner's comment to this answer: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/67914

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4

The following solution uses three nested single-column array environments. Each one is delimited by \left\{ on the left and by \right. on the right.

enter image description here

If you desire upright rather than italic lettering, simply replace all instances of \textit with \textup.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[italian]{babel}

\begin{document}

\[
\renewcommand\arraystretch{1.1} % optional
\textit{Idee}
\left\{ 
   \begin{array}{@{}l@{}}
   \textit{variabili}\dotfill \\
   \textit{costanti}
   \left\{ 
      \begin{array}{@{}l@{}}
      \textit{generali}\dotfill \\
      \textit{particolari}
      \left\{ 
         \begin{array}{@{}l@{}}
         \textit{non definite\dots} \\
         \textit{definite}\dotfill
         \end{array} 
       \right.
      \end{array} 
   \right. 
   \end{array} 
\right.
\begin{tabular}{l@{}}
  (\textit{lettere})         \\
  (\textit{idee deduttive})  \\
  (\textit{idee primitive})  \\
  (\textit{idee derivative})
\end{tabular}
\]

\end{document}
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