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» Medieval wooden crossbows in Ireland
by Juniper Thu Feb 19, 2026 8:05 am

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by stuckinthemud1 Fri Dec 30, 2022 12:47 pm


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    Medieval wooden crossbows in Ireland

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    Post by stuckinthemud1 Sat Jan 31, 2026 3:53 am

    Morning al
    Here is the catalogue frMedieval wooden crossbows in Ireland Screenshot_20260131-095506om archery remains found during digs at Waterford in Ireland.  Archaeologists being non-specialised classified all the remains as archery bows, and went into extatic speculation on the " proof" of the use of short bows in 12th/13th century Ireland.  BUT the way I read the descriptions they are of crossbows.  Excitingly, item 4, if it were a crossbow might be big enough to be a "2 foot" bow often described but now I'm speculating wildly.  Anyway, please comment.
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    Post by kenh Sat Jan 31, 2026 8:21 pm

    I've tried reading the text, but it'svjust blurry enough to give my poor old eyes fits! Tried to find it in your Blog but coudn't. Wish there was a way to rad it in the clear. From what I can made out it do appear that these are wooden crossbow prods, not short vertical bows.

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    Post by stuckinthemud1 Sun Feb 01, 2026 3:15 am

    Thanks Ken, I've now posted the document to my blog . The quality is only a little better I'm afraid but it is a bit easier on the eyes
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    Post by kenh Sun Feb 01, 2026 8:21 am

    Thanks. Will check it out...

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    Post by Juniper Mon Feb 02, 2026 3:47 pm

    I agree they might be prods, but were there any other finds of crossbow parts, like bolts, nuts, stirrups, triggers etc., perhaps misidentified tiller parts?
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    Post by stuckinthemud1 Tue Feb 03, 2026 11:11 am

    Nothing that I am aware of.but the literature of the time describes a heavily defended city with over a third of ballistic weapons being crossbows
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    Post by Juniper Tue Feb 03, 2026 12:32 pm

    Now that you mention it, I stumbled upon some works of Roger of Wendover recently and there are plenty mentions of crossbows and crossbowmen, including occasional headshots. 
    Regarding other findings, even if there aren't any there is still the factor that prods are way more expendable and likely to end up in some garbage heap or a ditch, I guess a single stock could easily go through dozen self prods during its lifetime before getting discarded. I'd really expect mostly bolts to be found, perhaps broken nuts if they were used.
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    Post by stuckinthemud1 Tue Feb 03, 2026 3:23 pm

    There were many bolt heads and arrow heads, but it is very hard to distinguish between the two
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    Post by stuckinthemud1 Tue Feb 10, 2026 2:50 pm

    One of the members of Primitive Archer posted a link to photos of some of the irems:  https://scytta.wordpress.com/2023/06/28/archery-material-in-the-national-museum-of-ireland/

    Some are clearly crossbows.  I despair of academics!
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    Post by Juniper Wed Feb 11, 2026 5:32 am

    Wow, that's an entire prod with bastard nocks Surprised Great find. Very clean piece of wood and surprisingly low or even non-existent set. Also the nuts and the hook leave little doubt, it's the whole shebang. Very interesting early date for one of the nuts.
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    Post by kenh Wed Feb 11, 2026 1:14 pm

    [quote="stuckinthemud1"

    Some are clearly crossbows.  I despair of academics![/quote]

    One of my writing mentors, Robert Heinlein, once said

    "Expertise in one field does not carry over into other fields. But experts often think so. The narrower their field of knowledge the more likely they are to think so.”
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    Post by stuckinthemud1 Wed Feb 18, 2026 6:47 am

    Juniper wrote:Wow, that's an entire prod with bastard nocks Surprised Great find. Very clean piece of wood and surprisingly low or even non-existent set. Also the nuts and the hook leave little doubt, it's the whole shebang. Very interesting early date for one of the nuts.
    I asked the curator about that bow, specifically, I asked about the sapwood. Their opinion is the sapwood was mechanically removed at time of manufacture.  A heartwood bow with no set? Heartwood only yew bows go "bang".  It is strictly conjecture but I believe it was sinewed. I made a replica without sinew in scotch broom.  It took an inch or so of set (it started out with reflex but finished straight) but came in a long way under 100lb.  I am going to sinew it someday to see what happens. One of the other bows on the page is described as having the knots on the back "somewhat smoothed" and I think there is a reasonable case for these yew bows with sapwood smoothed and/or removed having been sinew backed.

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    Post by Juniper Thu Feb 19, 2026 8:05 am

    It's possible, the Venetian capitulary mentions sinew backings, though bumpy prods are not uncommon in art depictions either. I believe wooden prods experience something like a shifting neutral plane when they are held drawn for a longer period and benefit more from backings than ordinary bows. Also a backing can be added as a repair after a prod shows signs of deterioration or the back gets damaged, as I myself found out, though it would most probably have some set at that point.

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