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Origin and history of toil
toil(n.1)
[hard work] c. 1300, toile, "turmoil, violent contention, battle," senses now obsolete, from Anglo-French toil (13c.), from toiler "agitate, stir up, entangle, writhe about," from Old French toeillier "drag about, make dirty" (12c.), usually said (Watkins, etc.) to be from Latin tudiculare "crush with a small hammer," from tudicula "mill for crushing olives, instrument for crushing," from Latin tudes "hammer" (from PIE *tud-, variant of *(s)teu- "to push, stroke, knock, beat;" see obtuse).
The sense of "hard work, exhausting effort, labor accomplished with fatigue and pain" (1590s) is from the related verb (see toil (v.)) or from or reinforced by the notion of a "fight" with difficulties and obstacles.
toil(n.2)
[net, snare, web for taking prey] 1520s, from French toile "hunting net, cloth, web" (compare toile d'araignée "cobweb"), from Old French toile "cloth" (11c.), from Latin tela "web, net, warp of a fabric," a derivative of texere "to weave, construct" (see text (n.)). Now generally only in plural (as in toils of the law).
toil(v.)
c. 1300, toilen, "pull at, tug" (transitive, a sense now obsolete), from Anglo-French toiller, Old French toellier "pull or drag about" (see toil (n.1)). The intransitive meaning "struggle, work hard, labor for considerable time" is from late 14c., perhaps by influence of till (v.) in its older, fuller sense.
The transitive sense of "harass, weary, or exhaust by toil, subject to toil" is from 1540s. Related: Toiled; toiling. Toiler is by 1540s as "hard worker." Toiling (n.) in Middle English was "the working of leather by pulling with the teeth" (late 14c.), also "pleading at court" (mid-15c.).
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