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std::unique_ptr

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Utilità libreria
Tipo di supporto (basic types, RTTI, type traits)
Gestione della memoria dinamica
La gestione degli errori
Programma di utilità
Funzioni variadic
Data e ora
Funzione oggetti
initializer_list(C++11)
bitset
hash(C++11)
Gli operatori relazionali
Original:
Relational operators
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rel_ops::operator!=
rel_ops::operator>
rel_ops::operator<=
rel_ops::operator>=
Coppie e tuple
Original:
Pairs and tuples
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pair
tuple(C++11)
piecewise_construct_t(C++11)
piecewise_construct(C++11)
Swap, in avanti e spostare
Original:
Swap, forward and move
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swap
forward(C++11)
move(C++11)
move_if_noexcept(C++11)
declval(C++11)
 
Gestione della memoria dinamica
Basso livello di gestione della memoria
Allocatori
Original:
Allocators
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allocator
allocator_traits(C++11)
allocator_arg_t(C++11)
allocator_arg(C++11)
uses_allocator(C++11)
scoped_allocator_adaptor(C++11)
Non inizializzata stoccaggio
Original:
Uninitialized storage
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uninitialized_copy
uninitialized_copy_n(C++11)
uninitialized_fill
uninitialized_fill_n
raw_storage_iterator
get_temporary_buffer
return_temporary_buffer
Puntatori intelligenti
Original:
Smart pointers
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unique_ptr(C++11)
shared_ptr(C++11)
weak_ptr(C++11)
auto_ptr(deprecato)
owner_less(C++11)
enable_shared_from_this(C++11)
bad_weak_ptr(C++11)
default_delete(C++11)
Garbage collection supporto
Original:
Garbage collection support
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declare_reachable(C++11)
undeclare_reachable(C++11)
declare_no_pointers(C++11)
undeclare_no_pointers(C++11)
pointer_safety(C++11)
get_pointer_safety(C++11)
Varie
Original:
Miscellaneous
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pointer_traits(C++11)
addressof(C++11)
align(C++11)
C Library
Original:
C Library
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std :: unique_ptr
Membri funzioni
Original:
Member functions
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unique_ptr::unique_ptr
unique_ptr::~unique_ptr
unique_ptr::operator=
Modificatori
Original:
Modifiers
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unique_ptr::release
unique_ptr::reset
unique_ptr::swap
Osservatori
Original:
Observers
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unique_ptr::get
unique_ptr::get_deleter
unique_ptr::operator bool
unique_ptr::operator*
unique_ptr::operator->
unique_ptr::operator[]
Non membri funzioni
Original:
Non-member functions
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operator==
operator!=
operator<
operator>
operator<=
operator>
operator>=
std::swap
std::hash
 
Elemento definito nell'header <memory>
template<

    class T,
    class Deleter = std::default_delete<T>

> class unique_ptr;
(1) (dal C++11)
template <

    class T,
    class Deleter

> class unique_ptr<T[],Deleter>;
(2) (dal C++11)
std::unique_ptr è un puntatore intelligente che:
Original:
std::unique_ptr is a smart pointer that:
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  • conserva la proprietà esclusiva di un oggetto attraverso un puntatore, e
    Original:
    retains sole ownership of an object through a pointer, and
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  • distrugge la punta-di opporsi quando il unique_ptr esce dall'ambito.
    Original:
    destroys the pointed-to object when the unique_ptr goes out of scope.
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unique_ptr non è copiabile o copia-assegnabili, due istanze di unique_ptr non può gestire lo stesso oggetto. Un non-const unique_ptr può trasferire la proprietà dell'oggetto gestito in un altro unique_ptr. Un const std::unique_ptr non può essere trasferito, limitando la durata dell'oggetto è riuscito a l'ambito in cui è stato creato il puntatore. Quando il unique_ptr è distrutto, dispone di dell'oggetto attraverso Deleter.
Original:
unique_ptr is not copyable or copy-assignable, two instances of unique_ptr cannot manage the same object. A non-const unique_ptr can transfer the ownership of the managed object to another unique_ptr. A const std::unique_ptr cannot be transferred, limiting the lifetime of the managed object to the scope in which the pointer was created. When the unique_ptr is destroyed, it disposes of the object through Deleter.
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Ci sono due versioni di std::unique_ptr:
Original:
There are two versions of std::unique_ptr:
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1)
gestisce la durata di un singolo oggetto, ad esempio assegnato con il nuovo
Original:
manages the lifetime of a single object, e.g. allocated with new
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2)
gestisce la durata di un array con una lunghezza di esecuzione, ad esempio allocato con new []
Original:
manages the lifetime of an array with a runtime length, e.g. allocated with new[]
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Gli usi tipici di std::unique_ptr includono
Original:
Typical uses of std::unique_ptr include
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  • fornire sicurezza eccezione a classi e funzioni che gestiscono gli oggetti con tempo di vita dinamico, garantendo l'eliminazione sia uscita normale e l'uscita attraverso eccezione.
    Original:
    providing exception safety to classes and functions that handle objects with dynamic lifetime, by guaranteeing deletion on both normal exit and exit through exception.
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  • passando la proprietà degli oggetti di proprietà unico con durata di vita dinamico in funzioni
    Original:
    passing ownership of uniquely-owned objects with dynamic lifetime into functions
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  • acquisire la proprietà degli oggetti di proprietà unico con durata di vita dinamico dalle funzioni
    Original:
    acquiring ownership of uniquely-owned objects with dynamic lifetime from functions
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  • come il tipo di elemento in movimento-aware contenitori, come std::vector, che contengono puntatori a oggetti allocati dinamicamente, ad esempio Se il comportamento polimorfico si desidera
    Original:
    as the element type in move-aware containers, such as std::vector, which hold pointers to dynamically-allocated objects, e.g. if polymorphic behavior is desired
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Indice

[modifica] Membri tipi

Membro tipo
Original:
Member type
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Definition
pointer
std::remove_reference<D>::type::pointer se quel tipo esiste, altrimenti T *
Original:
std::remove_reference<D>::type::pointer if that type exists, otherwise T*
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element_type
T, il tipo di oggetto gestito da questo unique_ptr
Original:
T, the type of the object managed by this unique_ptr
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deleter_type
Deleter, l'oggetto funzione o il riferimento lvalue di funzionare o per oggetto funzione, di essere chiamato dal distruttore
Original:
Deleter, the function object or lvalue reference to function or to function object, to be called from the destructor
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[modifica] Membri funzioni

costruisce un nuovo unique_ptr
Original:
constructs a new unique_ptr
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(metodo pubblico) [modifica]
distrugge l'oggetto gestito se questo è presente
Original:
destructs the managed object if such is present
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(metodo pubblico) [modifica]
assegna il unique_ptr
Original:
assigns the unique_ptr
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(metodo pubblico) [modifica]
Modificatori
Original:
Modifiers
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restituisce un puntatore all'oggetto gestito e rilascia la proprietà
Original:
returns a pointer to the managed object and releases the ownership
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(metodo pubblico) [modifica]
sostituisce l'oggetto gestito
Original:
replaces the managed object
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(metodo pubblico) [modifica]
scambia gli oggetti gestiti
Original:
swaps the managed objects
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(metodo pubblico) [modifica]
Osservatori
Original:
Observers
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restituisce un puntatore all'oggetto gestito
Original:
returns a pointer to the managed object
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(metodo pubblico) [modifica]
restituisce il deleter che viene utilizzato per la distruzione dell'oggetto gestito
Original:
returns the deleter that is used for destruction of the managed object
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(metodo pubblico) [modifica]
controlla se è associato oggetto gestito
Original:
checks if there is associated managed object
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(metodo pubblico) [modifica]
Singolo oggetto versione, unique_ptr <T>
Original:
Single-object version, unique_ptr<T>
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dereferenzia puntatore all'oggetto gestito
Original:
dereferences pointer to the managed object
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(metodo pubblico) [modifica]
Array versione, unique_ptr <T[]>
Original:
Array version, unique_ptr<T[]>
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fornisce l'accesso indicizzato alla matrice gestita
Original:
provides indexed access to the managed array
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(metodo pubblico) [modifica]

[modifica] Non membri funzioni

confronto ad un altro o con unique_ptr nullptr
Original:
compares to another unique_ptr or with nullptr
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(funzione di modello) [modifica]
specializzata l'algoritmo std::swap
Original:
specializes the std::swap algorithm
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(funzione di modello) [modifica]

[modifica] Helper classi

sostegno hash per std::unique_ptr
Original:
hash support for std::unique_ptr
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(classe modello di specializzazione) [modifica]

[modifica] Esempio

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
 
struct Foo {
    Foo() { std::cout << "Foo::Foo\n"; }
    ~Foo() { std::cout << "Foo::~Foo\n"; }
    void bar() { std::cout << "Foo::bar\n"; }
};
 
void f(const Foo &foo)
{
    std::cout << "f(const Foo&)\n";
}
 
int main()
{
    std::unique_ptr<Foo> p1(new Foo);  // p1 owns Foo
    if (p1) p1->bar();
 
    {
        std::unique_ptr<Foo> p2(std::move(p1));  // now p2 owns Foo
        f(*p2);
 
        p1 = std::move(p2);  // ownership returns to p1
        std::cout << "destroying p2...\n";
    }
 
    if (p1) p1->bar();
 
    // Foo instance is destroyed when p1 goes out of scope
}

Output:

Foo::Foo
Foo::bar
f(const Foo&)
destroying p2...
Foo::bar
Foo::~Foo