This is VERY risky, but the amount of risk depends a lot on your details.
The steps you need to take are
- Deplane
- Go through Chinese immigration (with proper documentation to enter China)
- Collect your checked baggage
- Clear customs
- Find transportation to PVG and also figure out a way to pay for it
- Drive to PVG
- Go the China eastern check in counter (PVG is large). China Eastern's check in deadline for international flights in PVG is 50 minutes before departure
- Check in (if needed) and drop your bags
- Go through security
- Go through China exit immigration
- Go to your gate
- Board at least 20 minutes before departure.
Every single step along the way can trip you up. Delayed flight, lost bag, trouble at immigration, can't find a taxi, take a wrong turn at the airport etc.
One of the less obvious risks: For a late night arrival, there may be only one immigration line open for foreigners and if just one person in front of you turns out to be a "problem case" it can take forever to get it sorted out. I've certainly had immigration wait times in Shenzhen that were north of an hour (despite my paperwork being perfectly fine).
So if you are a Chinese citizen with no checked luggage and a pre-booked a limo transfer from SHA to PVG, you have a 90%+ chance of making it.
If you are a foreigner with lots of bags, a few kids in tow, don't speak Chinese , plan to get cash at the airport to pay for a taxi when you find it, then your chances are less than 10%.
China Eastern info: https://www.ceair.com/global/en_static/Announcement/TravelTips/CheckinCountersandBoardingGateClosingTime/#S