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I've seen a few IAPs with the verbage "dual VOR recievers required" or something similar. I didn't know if there are many ways an approach can require dual recievers or if its only just when you don't have DME and you have to identify fixes as intersections.

Similarly, is it true that you don't know need two recievers to fly an initial approach segment that utilizes different PCG than the approach course? For example, with one NAV radio, is it legal to fly a procedure starting at VOR #1 as the IAF, fly outbound on the initial approach segment, then switch my single NAV source to VOR #2 with the approach course and fly the rest of the approach? I've heard it's not illegal, just not ideal to switch back and forth between freqs and radials, so just curious. If this is legal, any tips to do this?

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It's required when a stepdown fix after the FAF uses the same instrument as the approach course guidance. You're not allowed to turn off the final approach course guidance so you need two receivers or you need to be able to fly the approach without identifying the fix (often this is allowed, just with higher minimums).

It is legal to switch back and forth before the FAF. My tip is "don't." Sure you can fly IFR legally with a single COMM radio and a single NAV radio, but it increases your workload a lot, leaves no little redundancy, and makes it way more annoying to do a VOR check.

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It's a math or geometry requirement, rather than a regulation. VOR only can provide a bearing to a ground station. On a chart you could draw an LOP, and only know you were somewhere on that line. With a second VOR you can construct a second LOP and find where the two lines cross: your position.

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