17.3.7 Alternatives to (même) si in written French for constructing hypothetical clauses
One alternative to hypothetical si clauses in very formal written French is a verb in the conditional tense or in the past subjunctive tense inverted with the subject:
Devrait-il en mourir, il n’y consentirait jamais
Dût-il en mourir, il n’y consentirait jamaisBoth mean: ‘Even if he were to die as a result, he would never consent to doing it’.
Hawkins, R., Towell, R. and Lamy, M. (2015) French Grammar and Usage. 4th edn. London: Routledge. Page 408. Il manque la 5e édition (2025) à ma bibliothèque — Si tu dispose de cette dernière édition, va pour mettre à jour ce post.
Concentrons-nous sur Devrait-il. J'ai barré Dût-il. Je présume que
Devrait-il en mourir
means the same as
S'il devrait en mourir.
Les manuels de grammaire ci-dessous affirment que devoir au conditionnel signifie "SHOULD/OUGHT TO". Dès lors, « S'il devrait en mourir » ne signifierait-elle pas "Even if he SHOULD/OUGHT TO die as a result?" Pourquoi Hawkins a-t-il traduit par "Even if he were to die as a result" ?
In the affirmative form, devoir in the conditional denoting obligation is weaker than in the present tense (English uses should/ought to instead of must). Ex: Ces développements sont dangereux et devraient être évités. These developments are dangerous and should/ought to be avoided.
L’Huillier, M. (1999). Advanced French grammar. Cambridge University Press. p 275.
As a weaker equivalent of must, should = ought to: devoir (conditional present). See sections 2.1(iv) and 2.4.
Ex: I should/ought to go to the doctor’s. Je devrais aller chez le médecin.
They should/ought to be in Paris by now. Ils devraient être à Paris maintenant.
Op. cit. p 289.
512 Should
‘Should’
(i) is often the expression of the conditional (see 415–423) in the first persons singular and plural, e.g.:
Je ne vous le dirais pas, même si je le savais
I should not tell you, even if I knew(ii) is sometimes the equivalent of ‘were to’ in ‘if’-clauses; in such cases, it must not be translated by the French conditional but by the imperfect of devoir and the infinitive, e.g.:
S’il devait arriver ce soir, donnez-moi un coup de fil
If he should arrive (were to arrive) this evening, give me a ring(iii) is sometimes the equivalent of ‘ought to’, in which case it must be translated as in 511, e.g.:
Vous devriez y aller
You should go (= You ought to go)(iv) is sometimes used with verbs of believing or doubting as a less categorical assertion than would be the case if the present tense were used, e.g. ‘I should think he will come’, ‘I should doubt whether he will come’; in such contexts, French would usually use the present indicative, i.e. Je crois qu’il viendra, Je doute qu’il vienne, or some kind of circumlocution, e.g. Je suis porté à croire qu’il viendra ‘I am inclined to think he will come’.
Price, G. (2007) A Comprehensive French Grammar, 6th edn, Oxford: Blackwell, page 390, au paragraphe 512.