Duplicate weapons do not contribute to your mastery rank. Each variant of a weapon contributes to your mastery rank exactly once.
Having said that, Kama does have a total of 3 variants:
- Kama
- Dual Kamas
- Dual Kamas Prime
If you're ever unsure if you've leveled a weapon before, you can track if one has been leveled using the Codex on left side after the ramp on your Orbiter.

The Universe tab has sections for "Warframes & Vehicles" and "Weapons" that track these.

Note that mastered weapons are grouped together first, then partly mastered weapons, followed by weapons you haven't started yet.
Depending on how you got the second Kama, it may already have an Orokin Catalyst installed, which would otherwise have to be purchased for platinum or Nightwave Creds.
The easiest way to tell if an item has an Orokin Catalyst (Weapons) or Orokin Reactor (Warframes, Companions, Vehicles) installed is to (shown using a partially mastered Ceramic Dagger)
Equip the weapon in your arsenal
Click the UPGRADE button for the weapon

- Click ACTIONS in the lower-right

- Check the second box over to see if it says UPGRADED above it.
