How to go back last page

In the final version of Angular 2.x / 4.x - here's the docs https://angular.io/api/common/Location

/* typescript */

import { Location } from '@angular/common';
// import stuff here

@Component({
// declare component here
})
export class MyComponent {

  // inject location into component constructor
  constructor(private location: Location) { }

  cancel() {
    this.location.back(); // <-- go back to previous location on cancel
  }
}

<button backButton>BACK</button>

You can put this into a directive, that can be attached to any clickable element:

import { Directive, HostListener } from '@angular/core';
import { Location } from '@angular/common';

@Directive({
    selector: '[backButton]'
})
export class BackButtonDirective {
    constructor(private location: Location) { }

    @HostListener('click')
    onClick() {
        this.location.back();
    }
}

Usage:

<button backButton>BACK</button>

Tested with Angular 5.2.9

If you use an anchor instead of a button you must make it a passive link with href="javascript:void(0)" to make Angular Location work.

app.component.ts

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { Location } from '@angular/common';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-root',
  templateUrl: './app.component.html',
  styleUrls: [ './app.component.css' ]
})
export class AppComponent {

  constructor( private location: Location ) { 
  }

  goBack() {
    // window.history.back();
    this.location.back();

    console.log( 'goBack()...' );
  }
}

app.component.html

<!-- anchor must be a passive link -->
<a href="javascript:void(0)" (click)="goBack()">
  <-Back
</a>

Maybe you'd like to check if the previous point of history is within your app. For example, if you enter directly to your app and do location.back() (by pressing a <- back button in a toolbar for example), you'd be back to your browser's main page, instead of going somewhere else within your app.

This is how I check for this:

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { ActivatedRoute, Router } from '@angular/router';
import { Location } from '@angular/common';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-foo',
  template: ''
})
export class FooComponent {

  private readonly canGoBack: boolean;

  constructor(
    private readonly route: ActivatedRoute,
    private readonly router: Router,
    private readonly location: Location
  ) {
    // This is where the check is done. Make sure to do this
    // here in the constructor, otherwise `getCurrentNavigation()`
    // will return null. 
    this.canGoBack = !!(this.router.getCurrentNavigation()?.previousNavigation);
  }

  goBack(): void {
    if (this.canGoBack) {
      // We can safely go back to the previous location as
      // we know it's within our app.
      this.location.back();
    } else {
      // There's no previous navigation.
      // Here we decide where to go. For example, let's say the
      // upper level is the index page, so we go up one level.
      this.router.navigate(['..'], {relativeTo: this.route});
    }
  }

}

We check if the navigation that loaded the current route has a previous sibling. This has to be done in the constructor, while the navigation process is still active.

This doesn't come without caveats though:

• canGoBack will be false even if the previous location is actually within our app but the page was refreshed.
• The user might want to "go back" to the previous page (where the goBack() ocurred) by clicking the browser's back button, but since the app went back on history instead of pushing a new location, the user will be going back even further and might get confused.

You can implement routerOnActivate() method on your route class, it will provide information about previous route.

routerOnActivate(nextInstruction: ComponentInstruction, prevInstruction: ComponentInstruction) : any

Then you can use router.navigateByUrl() and pass data generated from ComponentInstruction. For example:

this._router.navigateByUrl(prevInstruction.urlPath);

After all these awesome answers, I hope my answer finds someone and helps them out. I wrote a small service to keep track of route history. Here it goes.

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { NavigationEnd, Router } from '@angular/router';
import { filter } from 'rxjs/operators';

@Injectable()
export class RouteInterceptorService {
  private _previousUrl: string;
  private _currentUrl: string;
  private _routeHistory: string[];

  constructor(router: Router) {
    this._routeHistory = [];
    router.events
      .pipe(filter(event => event instanceof NavigationEnd))
      .subscribe((event: NavigationEnd) => {
        this._setURLs(event);
      });
  }

  private _setURLs(event: NavigationEnd): void {
    const tempUrl = this._currentUrl;
    this._previousUrl = tempUrl;
    this._currentUrl = event.urlAfterRedirects;
    this._routeHistory.push(event.urlAfterRedirects);
  }

  get previousUrl(): string {
    return this._previousUrl;
  }

  get currentUrl(): string {
    return this._currentUrl;
  }

  get routeHistory(): string[] {
    return this._routeHistory;
  }
}

Also work for me when I need to move back as in file system. P.S. @angular: "^5.0.0"

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" routerLink="../">Back</button>

I made a button I can reuse anywhere on my app.

Create this component

import { Location } from '@angular/common';
import { Component, Input } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
    selector: 'back-button',
    template: `<button mat-button (click)="goBack()" [color]="color">Back</button>`,
})
export class BackButtonComponent {
    @Input()color: string;

  constructor(private location: Location) { }

  goBack() {
    this.location.back();
  }
}

Then add it to any template when you need a back button.

<back-button color="primary"></back-button>

Note: This is using Angular Material, if you aren't using that library then remove the mat-button and color.

Simply use Location , An Angular service that applications can use to interact with a browser's URL.

Import it :

import { Location } from '@angular/common';

Inject it :

constructor(private location: Location) { }

Simply Use it :

goBack() {
    this.location.back(); // Navigates back in the platform's history
}

The way I did it while navigating to different page add a query param by passing current location

this.router.navigate(["user/edit"], { queryParams: { returnUrl: this.router.url }

Read this query param in your component

this.router.queryParams.subscribe((params) => {
    this.returnUrl = params.returnUrl;
});

If returnUrl is present enable the back button and when user clicks the back button

this.router.navigateByUrl(this.returnUrl); // Hint taken from Sasxa

This should able to navigate to previous page. Instead of using location.back I feel the above method is more safe consider the case where user directly lands to your page and if he presses the back button with location.back it will redirects user to previous page which will not be your web page.

In RC4:

import {Location} from '@angular/common';

2022
Utilize your app routing - more of an "angular approach" rather than accessing the browser's location object for navigation history. Think of why you need the user to go 'back', and what 'back' means in the broader context of your application and its routes.

for example, returning to a parent route from its child

  this.router.navigate(['..'], {relativeTo: this.route});

You can also read about previous navigation

previousNavigation : The previously successful Navigation object. Only one previous navigation is available, therefore this previous Navigation object has a null value for its own previousNavigation.

Please make sure you explicitly import if you are using latest Angular/TypeScript

import { Location } from '@angular/common';

and

 onCancel() {
    this.location.back();
  }

Imports:

import { Location } from '@angular/common';
import { Router } from '@angular/router';

Constructor:

constructor(private readonly router: Router, private readonly location: Location) {
  location.onUrlChange(() => this.canGoBack = !!this.router.getCurrentNavigation()?.previousNavigation);
}

Optional, avoiding to go back outside the application:

private canGoBack: boolean = false;

constructor(private router:Router,private location:Location){
  this.canGoBack = !!(this.router.getCurrentNavigation()?.previousNavigation);
}

Go back:

goBack(): void {
  if (this.canGoBack) {
    this.location.back();
  }
}

Html:

<button (click)="goBack()"></button>

Since beta 18:

import {Location} from 'angular2/platform/common';

To go back without refreshing the page, We can do in html like below javascript:history.back()

<a class="btn btn-danger" href="javascript:history.back()">Go Back</a>

As many of the answers don't take into account all the aspects of back navigation,
I've created a little library that does the trick.

It handles

1. Browser history
2. Fallback when clicking on the back button when not routed yet
3. Customized fallback

Installation

npm install ngx-back-button

Standalone (>= v19.1)

import { NgxBackButtonServiceProvider } from 'ngx-back-button'

bootstrapApplication(AppComponent, {
  providers: [
    { // This is optional
      provide:  NgxBackButtonServiceProvider,
      useValue: {
        rootUrl: '/custom', // Or any custom root URL
        fallbackPrefix: '/tabs', // For library users
      },
    },
  ],
}).catch((err) => console.error(err));

Module (<= v.19.0)

import { NgxBackButtonModule, NgxBackButtonService } from 'ngx-back-button'

  imports: [
    NgxBackButtonModule.forRoot(), // Default rootUrl === '/'

    // Or
    NgxBackButtonModule.forRoot({
      rootUrl: '/custom', // Or any custom root url
      fallbackPrefix: '/tabs' // For libraries users
    }),
  ],
  providers: [
    {
      provide: APP_INITIALIZER,
      useFactory: () => () => null,
      deps: [NgxBackButtonService],
      multi: true,
    },
  ]

Then where you need to navigate back

// foo.component.ts
import { NgxBackButtonService } from 'ngx-back-button'

// ...
 constructor(public ngxBackButtonService: NgxBackButtonService) {}

 navigateBack() {
  this.ngxBackButtonService.back()
 }

Also work with a directive

<button ngxBackButton>
  Back
</button>

in angular 4 use preserveQueryParams, ex:

url: /list?page=1

<a [routerLink]="['edit',id]" [preserveQueryParams]="true"></a>

When clicking the link, you are redirected edit/10?page=1, preserving params

ref: https://angular.io/docs/ts/latest/guide/router.html#!#link-parameters-array

im using this way:

import { Location } from '@angular/common'
import { Component, Input } from '@angular/core'

@Component({
    selector: 'Back_page',
    template: `<button  (click)="onBack()">Back</button>`,
})
export class BackPageComponent {
  constructor(private location: Location) { }

  onBack() {
    this.location.back();// <-- go back to previous location
  }
}

I came up with this, you can also check if there is a previous page. Make sure to use the service in your appComponent.

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Location } from '@angular/common';
import { NavigationEnd, Router } from '@angular/router';

interface HistoryData {
  previousPage: string | null,
  currentPage: string | null,
}

@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
export class GoBackService {

  private historyData: HistoryData = { previousPage: null, currentPage: null };

  constructor(private router: Router, private location: Location) {
    this.router.events.subscribe((event) => {
      if (event instanceof NavigationEnd) {
        this.historyData.previousPage = this.historyData.currentPage;
        this.historyData.currentPage = event.urlAfterRedirects;
      }
    });
  }

  public goBack(): void {
    if (this.historyData.previousPage) this.location.back();
  }

  public canGoBack(): boolean {
    return Boolean(this.historyData.previousPage);
  }

}

If you wanna go back to the previous Window, You can use History API.

window.history.back();

Note: This API is only available on the main thread (Window). It cannot be accessed in Worker or Worklet contexts.

yes you can do it. write this code on your typescript component and enjoy!

import { Location } from '@angular/common'
import { Component, Input } from '@angular/core'

@Component({
    selector: 'return_page',
    template: `<button mat-button (click)="onReturn()">Back</button>`,
})
export class ReturnPageComponent {
  constructor(private location: Location) { }

  onReturn() {
    this.location.back();
  }
}

try routerLink="../LASTPAGE"

Also you can use this service with fallback feature in case history is empty

url-back.service.ts

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Location } from '@angular/common';

import { Router } from '@angular/router';

const EMPTY_HISTORY_LENGTH = 2;

/**
 * This service helps to Navigate back to the prev page, and if no prev page,
 * will redirect to the fallback url.
 */
@Injectable()
export class UrlBackService {
  constructor(private router: Router, private location: Location) {}

  /**
   * This method will back you to the previous page,
   * if no previous page exists, will redirect you to the fallback url.
   * @param href - url, if tryNativeFirst is provided, this is fallback url
   * @param tryNativeFirst - try to go back natively using browser history state.
   */
  back(href: string, tryNativeFirst: boolean = false) {
    if (tryNativeFirst) {
      if (history.length === EMPTY_HISTORY_LENGTH) {
        this.router.navigate(UrlBackService.urlToArray(href));
      } else {
        this.location.back();
      }
    } else {
      this.router.navigate(UrlBackService.urlToArray(href));
    }
  }

  /**
   * In case that router.navigate method tries to escape all '/' in the string,
   * was decided to split string to array, and if URL starts or ends with slash - remove them, eg:
   * /my/url will be split to ['', 'my', 'url'], so we need to remove empty spaces use filter function.
   * @param href
   * @private
   */
  private static urlToArray(href: string) {
    return href.split('/').filter((notEmpty) => notEmpty);
  }
}

url-back.service.spec.ts

import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';

import { UrlBackService } from './url-back.service';
import { Router } from '@angular/router';
import { Location } from '@angular/common';
import { RouterTestingModule } from '@angular/router/testing';

describe('UrlBackService', () => {
  let service: UrlBackService;
  let router: Router;
  let location: Location;

  beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      imports: [RouterTestingModule],
      providers: [UrlBackService],
    });
    service = TestBed.inject(UrlBackService);
    router = TestBed.inject(Router);
    location = TestBed.inject(Location);
  });

  it('should be created', () => {
    expect(service).toBeTruthy();
  });

  it('no meter what history state is, it should be redirected to the /my/url', () => {
    spyOn(router, 'navigate');
    service.back('/my/url');
    expect(router.navigate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(['my', 'url']);
  });

  it('in case history is empty push to /my/url', () => {
    spyOn(router, 'navigate');
    service.back('/my/url', true);
    expect(router.navigate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(['my', 'url']);
  });

  it('in case history is NOT empty push to url1', () => {
    spyOn(location, 'back');
    window.history.pushState(null, '', 'url1');

    service.back('/my/url', true);
    expect(location.back).toHaveBeenCalled();
  });
});

Version of @Parziphal answer for non-change detected components:

  import { Location } from '@angular/common';
  import { Router } from '@angular/router';

  constructor(private readonly router: Router, private readonly location: Location) {
    location.onUrlChange(() => this.canGoBack = !!this.router.getCurrentNavigation()?.previousNavigation);
  }

  goBack(): void {
    if (this.canGoBack) {
      this.location.back();
    }
  }

The latest update from Angular 14. If previousUrl is undefined we will route to the predefined previous URL.

import { Location } from '@angular/common';
import { filter, Subject, takeUntil } from 'rxjs';
import { Router, ActivatedRoute, NavigationEnd } from '@angular/router';

private previousUrl: string;
private ngUnsubscribe: Subject<any> = new Subject<any>();

constructor(
    private router: Router,
    private activatedRoute: ActivatedRoute,
    private location: Location
) {
    router.events
        .pipe(
            takeUntil(this.ngUnsubscribe),
            filter((event) => event instanceof NavigationEnd)
        )
        .subscribe((event: NavigationEnd) => {
            this.previousUrl = event.url;
        });
}

public async goBack() : Promise<void> {
   if (this.previousUrl) {
     this.location.back();
   } else {
     await this.router.navigate(['..'], {
         relativeTo: this.activatedRoute,
     });
   }
}

ngOnDestroy(): void {
    this.ngUnsubscribe.next(true);
    this.ngUnsubscribe.complete();
}