I need to make a table with images, 9 rows and 4 columns. The first column will contain text, and the remaining 3 columns will contain the images. The following screenshot shows the desired layout.
Depending on the image sizes, the table may need to span more than 1 page.
Added piece of information: It’s important that the third image column be (about) 50% wider than the first two.
Here's a solution that employs the xltabular package and eponymous environment. Basically, xltabular combines the capabilities of longtable (allow page breaks in the table) and tabularx (set a target for the table's overall width; determine widths of X-type columns as residuals). Note that, per your comment, I've set the usable width of the third data column to be 50% larger than that of the other two.
Be sure to load the graphicx package without the demo option in your real document.
\documentclass{article} % or some other suitable document class
%\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2.5cm]{geometry} % set page parameters as needed
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx} % remove 'demo' option in real document
\usepackage{xltabular} % for 'xltabular' env.
\renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{m{#1}} % vertical centering
% Define a variable-width X-type column, cell contents centered horizontally:
\newcolumntype{Y}[1]{>{\hsize=#1\hsize\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\usepackage{booktabs} % for well-spaced horizontal rules
\begin{document}
\begingroup % limit the scope of the next two instructions
\renewcommand\tabcolsep{4pt} % default: 6pt
\setkeys{Gin}{width=\hsize,height=\hsize,keepaspectratio}
\begin{xltabular}{\textwidth}{@{} c Y{0.8571} Y{0.8571} Y{1.2858} @{}}
% 6/7+6/7+9/7 = 21/7 = 3; 9/7 = 1.5*6/7; 0.8571=6/7; 1.2858=9/7.
%% headers and footers
\toprule
Sample & Front view & Back view & Cross-sectional view \\
\midrule
\endhead
\bottomrule
\endfoot
%% body of table
A &
\includegraphics{a} &
\includegraphics{b} &
\includegraphics[height=0.6667\hsize]{c} \\
\addlinespace
N &
\includegraphics{d} &
\includegraphics{e} &
\includegraphics[height=0.6667\hsize]{f} \\
\addlinespace
C &
\includegraphics{g} &
\includegraphics{h} &
\includegraphics[height=0.6667\hsize]{i} \\
\addlinespace
ANAN &
\includegraphics{j} &
\includegraphics{k} &
\includegraphics[height=0.6667\hsize]{l} \\
\addlinespace
NANA &
\includegraphics{m} &
\includegraphics{n} &
\includegraphics[height=0.6667\hsize]{o} \\
\end{xltabular}
\endgroup
\end{document}
\caption should definitely work with xltabular. (The syntax is the same as for longtable.) However, because my psychic divination abilities are worthless, I can't give meaningful further advice unless you tell me which error mesages you're getting.
Like in your other question, I'd use tabularray. This makes it not only easy to centre the images, but also to adjust the relative column widths:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\begin{document}
\begin{longtblr}{
colspec={QXXX[2]},
cells={halign=c},
vlines,
hlines
}
sda & Front & Back & Side \\
AAAA &
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,valign=c]{example-grid-100x100pt} &
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,valign=c]{example-grid-100x100pt} &
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,valign=c]{example-image-duck} \\
\end{longtblr}
\end{document}
