Capitalize String

Question

Given a string, capitalize it. By capitalization I mean conTeNT-lENgth changes to Content-Length. In the example I showed the string with 2 words with - as the word boundary. However I expect you to write the code for the string containing any number of words separated by a single character as the boundary. This boundary may change across the string.

Conditions

using regular expressions is not allowed.
there could be any number of words in a sentence(string).
each word will consist of English letters[a-zA-Z] of any case.
different words in the sentence will be separated by a single character. This character will only be any one of -, ., , /, &, #. You can safely assume that sentence will not contain any other character except the mentioned ones.
word boundaries should be preserved in the output.
shortest code wins.

For example your program should output Begin/With.Type&Content for BeGin/wITH.tyPE&conTeNt.

Some test cases:
 "aGeNT ACcEpT/LEngTh-tYPe USeR raNgE.TyPe" 
 "type&AgeNt/CC/COnteNt lEnGth#acCePT/AgeNt.RAnGe-Cc/contEnt/cODe" 
 "cc/rEspoNCe.lEngtH#tYpE-witH&UsEr/bEgIN&uSer.AGEnT&begIn/aCCEPt/Cc" 
 "lENgTH#USeR.tYpE/BeGiN&LENGth tYpe/ACCEpt#rANge/codE&AnD-ACCepT/ConTenT" 
 "contENT/ACcEpT" 
 "BeGin/wITH.tyPE&conTeNt"
 "Code.cc#User.lenGTh-USer-AND&tyPE TypE&leNgtH.tYPe usER.UseR&with" 
 "RaNgE&COnTeNT WITh CoNTENT-TypE tyPe"
 "BEgin COdE#uSeR#aGeNt.USeR"
 "TypE LENGth"

What you call capitalization is actually a transformation to camel-case. — Pierre Arlaud
– Pierre Arlaud, Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 14:03
@ArlaudPierre No, what he's given as "test cases" are more like camel case. What's being called capitalization is closer to Title Case. — Iszi
– Iszi, Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 14:42
Can you please provide the expected output for the test cases? It seems some built-in functions may assume that all-caps words (like /CC/ in line 2, or -AND& in line 7) should be left alone. Is this ok, for this challenge? — Iszi
– Iszi, Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 14:44
Does the input always begin with a word or it may start with a separator? — lebatsnok
– lebatsnok, Commented Jan 2, 2014 at 15:04

Wasi · Accepted Answer · 2013-12-17 13:13:52Z

26

Python 3,22

print(input().title())

This code will take a string as input from stdin and gives a capitalized output to stdout.

for example:

input:

BEGIN/wITH.tyPe&cOnTENt

ouput:

Begin/With.Type&Content

The following code is for multi-line inputs (if necessary)

Python 3, 46

import sys
for i in sys.stdin:print(i.title())

edited Dec 17, 2013 at 13:13

answered Dec 17, 2013 at 12:48

Wasi

1,7602 gold badges15 silver badges25 bronze badges

\$\begingroup\$ while 1:print(input.title()) is a shorter equivalent for the last piece of code. \$\endgroup\$

Ramchandra Apte
– Ramchandra Apte

2013-12-17 14:44:47 +00:00
Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 14:44
1

\$\begingroup\$ @RamchandraApte I'm not sure is it allowed or not. Your code will die with an EOFError as soon as its hits the EOF \$\endgroup\$

Wasi
– Wasi

2013-12-17 15:08:27 +00:00
Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 15:08
1

\$\begingroup\$ I think the general consensus for golfs is that as long as the output is correct, errors don't matter \$\endgroup\$

Volatility
– Volatility

2013-12-17 23:26:22 +00:00
Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 23:26
\$\begingroup\$ Dang; as soon as I saw this question, I thought of this, but you beat me to it. +1 \$\endgroup\$

Justin
– Justin

2013-12-18 06:38:46 +00:00
Commented Dec 18, 2013 at 6:38
\$\begingroup\$ +1 I like this better than the golfscript one because it doesn't look like an obscenity. \$\endgroup\$

Tim Seguine
– Tim Seguine

2014-01-01 22:58:45 +00:00
Commented Jan 1, 2014 at 22:58

Add a comment |

Community · Accepted Answer · 2020-06-17 09:04:33Z

8

05AB1E, 1 byte

Code:

™

Explanation:

™   # Implicit input which is converted to title case.

Try it online!

edited Jun 17, 2020 at 9:04

CommunityBot

1

answered Mar 29, 2016 at 20:59

Adnan

44.7k6 gold badges83 silver badges248 bronze badges

\$\begingroup\$ That's pretty cool :-) \$\endgroup\$

batman
– batman

2016-03-30 09:12:07 +00:00
Commented Mar 30, 2016 at 9:12

Add a comment |

Community · Accepted Answer · 2020-06-17 09:04:33Z

7

GolfScript, 36 27 19 characters

0\{95&+.47>32*\}%\;

A quite basic GolfScript approach which works for all input according to the specification. The examples can be tested online.

edited Jun 17, 2020 at 9:04

CommunityBot

1

answered Dec 17, 2013 at 12:11

Howard

23.6k2 gold badges45 silver badges83 bronze badges

\$\begingroup\$ Cool. Was curious whether my solution is at least twice as a professional one. :) But I am sure you will shorten this several times before the day ends. \$\endgroup\$

manatwork
– manatwork

2013-12-17 12:15:19 +00:00
Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 12:15
\$\begingroup\$ @manatwork Now we have a factor of two ;-) Still unhappy with all the swaps. \$\endgroup\$

Howard
– Howard

2013-12-17 13:50:43 +00:00
Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 13:50
\$\begingroup\$ I knew you will not disappoint me. \$\endgroup\$

manatwork
– manatwork

2013-12-17 13:52:19 +00:00
Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 13:52

Add a comment |

quietmint · Accepted Answer · 2013-12-18 04:57:14Z

7

JavaScript (94)

prompt().split(l='').map(function(a){return l='A'>l?a.toUpperCase():a.toLowerCase()}).join('')

answered Dec 18, 2013 at 4:57

quietmint

2141 silver badge6 bronze badges

\$\begingroup\$ Why not arrow functions? Edit: I just realised that this is from 2013 💀 \$\endgroup\$

pavi2410
– pavi2410

2023-01-27 21:44:20 +00:00
Commented Jan 27, 2023 at 21:44

Add a comment |

Community · Accepted Answer · 2020-06-17 09:04:33Z

6

Mathematica 62

Data

tests={"aGeNT ACcEpT/LEngTh-tYPe USeR raNgE.TyPe","type&AgeNt/CC/COnteNt lEnGth#acCePT/AgeNt.RAnGe-Cc/contEnt/cODe","cc/rEspoNCe.lEngtH#tYpEwitH&UsEr/bEgIN&uSer.AGEnT&begIn/aCCEPt/Cc","lENgTH#USeR.tYpE/BeGiN&LENGth tYpe/ACCEpt#rANge/codE&AnD-ACCepT/ConTenT","contENT/ACcEpT","BeGin/wITH.tyPE&conTeNt","Code.cc#User.lenGTh-USer-AND&tyPE TypE&leNgtH.tYPe usER.UseR&with","RaNgE&COnTeNT WITh CoNTENT-TypE tyPe","BEgin COdE#uSeR#aGeNt.USeR","TypE LENGth"}

Code

StringReplace[ToLowerCase@#,WordBoundary~~x_:>ToUpperCase@x]&

Usage

f["aGeNT ACcEpT/LEngTh-tYPe USeR raNgE.TyPe"]

"Agent Accept/Length-Type User Range.Type"

f /@ tests

{"Agent Accept/Length-Type User Range.Type",
"Type&Agent/Cc/Content Length#Accept/Agent.Range-Cc/Content/Code", "Cc/Responce.Length#Type-With&User/Begin&User.Agent&Begin/Accept/Cc", "Length#User.Type/Begin&Length Type/Accept#Range/Code&And-Accept/Content", "Content/Accept",
"Begin/With.Type&Content",
"Code.Cc#User.Length-User-And&Type Type&Length.Type User.User&With",
"Range&Content With Content-Type Type",
"Begin Code#User#Agent.User",
"Type Length"}

edited Jun 17, 2020 at 9:04

CommunityBot

1

answered Dec 17, 2013 at 10:20

DavidC

25.5k2 gold badges53 silver badges106 bronze badges

\$\begingroup\$ -1 That's basically regex \$\endgroup\$

CalculatorFeline
– CalculatorFeline

2016-03-29 19:47:59 +00:00
Commented Mar 29, 2016 at 19:47
\$\begingroup\$ Mathematica can run regex directly but I used something else. It's similar to regex, but it is not regex. \$\endgroup\$

DavidC
– DavidC

2016-03-29 21:17:16 +00:00
Commented Mar 29, 2016 at 21:17
\$\begingroup\$ %% %%% % %% \$\endgroup\$

CalculatorFeline
– CalculatorFeline

2016-03-29 21:22:14 +00:00
Commented Mar 29, 2016 at 21:22

Add a comment |

Tim Seguine · Accepted Answer · 2014-01-02 12:39:39Z

5

PHP : 78 73 65 64 characters

$b=ucfirst;foreach(str_split($s)as$c)echo$b($c),!$b[0]=$c<A?u:l;

Input is passed in $s. It operates on the string as an array of characters.

It is a simple 2 state machine. It relies on lexical ordering of strings, and that the parser automatically assumes you meant to type a string in some cases.

The state is being stored in $b and is being represented as the name of the function that needs to be called on the next character. ucfirst and lcfirst are shorter to type and have identical behaviour to strtolower/strtoupper on single character strings. Also, since they only differ by one letter, we can use them efficiently to store the state. The original version needed to store the state explicitly in a boolean.

Since echo doesn't print anything for boolean false, I used a comma and the ! operator to "hide" the assignment(which in this case is truthy) in the echo statement. This allowed me to save a character by removing the {}.

edited Jan 2, 2014 at 12:39

answered Dec 29, 2013 at 14:20

Tim Seguine

1,01510 silver badges18 bronze badges

\$\begingroup\$ Please use code block markup instead of inline code, so scripts like Code Golf UserScript Enhancement Pack can insert the size below the code. By the way, in your code all 3 space characters can be removed. \$\endgroup\$

manatwork
– manatwork

2013-12-29 14:32:48 +00:00
Commented Dec 29, 2013 at 14:32
1

\$\begingroup\$ Instead of $b=ord($c)>64; try $b=$c>"@";. Or even $b=$c>=A; – AFAIR that throws a warning, but good coding practices are not a virtue here. \$\endgroup\$

manatwork
– manatwork

2013-12-29 17:02:20 +00:00
Commented Dec 29, 2013 at 17:02
\$\begingroup\$ @manatwork thanks, didn't think of that. I am already throwing a warning for using an unset variable anyway. \$\endgroup\$

Tim Seguine
– Tim Seguine

2013-12-29 17:04:33 +00:00
Commented Dec 29, 2013 at 17:04
1

\$\begingroup\$ Hmm… What about not using $b just as a flag, but storing the actual function name in it? $b=ucfirst;foreach(str_split($s)as$c){echo$b($c);$b[0]=$c>=A?l:u;}. \$\endgroup\$

manatwork
– manatwork

2013-12-29 17:08:39 +00:00
Commented Dec 29, 2013 at 17:08
\$\begingroup\$ @manatwork great! I was trying to think of a way to do that with the function. My tries were all bigger. \$\endgroup\$

Tim Seguine
– Tim Seguine

2013-12-29 17:14:01 +00:00
Commented Dec 29, 2013 at 17:14

| Show 1 more comment

Darren Stone · Accepted Answer · 2013-12-18 03:22:41Z

4

C, 83

n;main(c){c=getchar();putchar(c>96?n?c:(n=c-32):c&64?n?c+32:(n=c):(n=0,c));main();}

Takes lines on stdin, translates them to stdout. (Prefers SIGINT to EOF.)

edited Dec 18, 2013 at 3:22

answered Dec 17, 2013 at 21:09

Darren Stone

5,2331 gold badge20 silver badges27 bronze badges

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Iszi · Accepted Answer · 2013-12-18 14:52:49Z

4

Powershell: 37 - 43

Depending on how you want to take the input...

Prompt the user for input: 43

(Culture).TextInfo.ToTitleCase((read-host))

Take input from pipeline: 38

(Culture).TextInfo.ToTitleCase($input)

Provide input as an argument when running the script: 37

(Culture).TextInfo.ToTitleCase($args)

NOTE: The above scripts will ignore all-caps words, leaving them as-is. If this needs to be accounted for, the input should be forced to lower-case before the Title Case conversion. This adds 10 characters to the first method, and 12 to the other two.

(Culture).TextInfo.ToTitleCase((read-host).ToLower())
(Culture).TextInfo.ToTitleCase("$input".ToLower())
(Culture).TextInfo.ToTitleCase("$args".ToLower())

edited Dec 18, 2013 at 14:52

answered Dec 17, 2013 at 14:50

Iszi

2,55725 silver badges26 bronze badges

\$\begingroup\$ Does not work according to the specification. Try foo:bar. \$\endgroup\$

Mormegil
– Mormegil

2013-12-17 15:33:44 +00:00
Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 15:33
\$\begingroup\$ @Mormegil Which one? The read-host version, at least, works fine for me. I tested it against all the test cases in the question and they all returned as expected except for the special cases I posted in comment to the question. \$\endgroup\$

Iszi
– Iszi

2013-12-17 15:35:57 +00:00
Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 15:35
\$\begingroup\$ : (colon) is not listed as a word separator in rule #4, therefore, AFAICS, foo:bar should result in Foo:bar, not Foo:Bar. But that is just my (quite strict) reading of the specification. \$\endgroup\$

Mormegil
– Mormegil

2013-12-17 15:38:33 +00:00
Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 15:38
2

\$\begingroup\$ @Mormegil Well, this is neat. Looks like the spec was tweaked to resolve that ambiguity, while at the same time not invalidating this answer. \$\endgroup\$

Iszi
– Iszi

2013-12-17 16:19:04 +00:00
Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 16:19
1

\$\begingroup\$ You can replace get-culture with culture; see codegolf.stackexchange.com/a/778/1308 \$\endgroup\$

Danko Durbić
– Danko Durbić

2013-12-18 11:50:10 +00:00
Commented Dec 18, 2013 at 11:50

| Show 3 more comments

True Soft · Accepted Answer · 2013-12-27 14:16:32Z

4

Java - 209 characters

class C{
public static void main(String[]a){
for(String b:a){
char[]k=b.toLowerCase().toCharArray();
for(int i=-1;i<k.length;i++){if(i<0||"-. /&#".indexOf(k[i])>=0)k[++i]=(char)(k[i]-32);}
System.out.println(k);}}}

I added newlines only for readability.

edited Dec 27, 2013 at 14:16

answered Dec 21, 2013 at 12:43

True Soft

1,0951 gold badge8 silver badges10 bronze badges

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plannapus · Accepted Answer · 2013-12-18 15:00:49Z

3

R, 143 116

A solution a bit long maybe but here we go:

f=function(x){a=sapply(1:nchar(x),function(y)substr(tolower(x),y,y));d=c(1,which(!a%in%letters)+1);a[d]=toupper(a[d]);cat(a,sep="")}

Slightly ungolfed and explained:

f <- function(x){
    #Split the string in characters and "lower-case" everything
    a <- sapply(1:nchar(x),function(y)substr(tolower(x),y,y))
    #Select the first character and each character following a 
    #character that doesn't belong to lower case alphabet
    d <- c(1,which(!a%in%letters)+1)
    #Make those ones uppercase.
    a[d] <- toupper(a[d])
    #Output (stdout) while pasting them back together.
    cat(a,sep="")
    }

Edit: 116 characters

The main challenge here is to vectorize substr. Here's another less verbose way.

f=function(x){n=1:nchar(x);a=mapply(substr,tolower(x),n,n);d=c(T,!a%in%letters);a[d]=toupper(a[d]);cat(a[n],sep="")}

Indented:

f <- function(x){
    n <- 1:nchar(x)
    a <- mapply(substr,tolower(x),n,n)
    d <- c(T,!a%in%letters) #This has been simplified as well
    a[d] <- toupper(a[d])
    cat(a[n],sep="") #Because a is now 1 char longer than x, need to subset a
    }

Usage:

> f("aGeNT ACcEpT/LEngTh-tYPe USeR raNgE.TyPe")
Agent Accept/Length-Type User Range.Type

edited Dec 18, 2013 at 15:00

answered Dec 18, 2013 at 14:04

plannapus

9,01923 silver badges49 bronze badges

\$\begingroup\$ You can save some characters. Since a consits of lowercase characters only, there's no need to check for matches with uppercase LETTERS. \$\endgroup\$

Sven Hohenstein
– Sven Hohenstein

2013-12-18 14:50:46 +00:00
Commented Dec 18, 2013 at 14:50
\$\begingroup\$ Another one: You can replace TRUE with T. \$\endgroup\$

Sven Hohenstein
– Sven Hohenstein

2013-12-18 14:53:39 +00:00
Commented Dec 18, 2013 at 14:53
\$\begingroup\$ Originally i had the tolower later. \$\endgroup\$

plannapus
– plannapus

2013-12-18 15:02:24 +00:00
Commented Dec 18, 2013 at 15:02
\$\begingroup\$ OK, here's another one ;-) You can replace mapply(substr,tolower(x),n,n) with strsplit(tolower(x),"")[[1]] to save one character. \$\endgroup\$

Sven Hohenstein
– Sven Hohenstein

2013-12-18 15:30:31 +00:00
Commented Dec 18, 2013 at 15:30
\$\begingroup\$ @SvenHohenstein Ahah yes indeed. Although one would argue that argument split (here an empty string) is technically treated as a regular expression! :) \$\endgroup\$

plannapus
– plannapus

2013-12-18 15:35:19 +00:00
Commented Dec 18, 2013 at 15:35

| Show 3 more comments

Justin · Accepted Answer · 2013-12-19 21:00:31Z

Befunge 98 - 24 45

~\j:'``!3*j' -;:'``b*j:'/`!3*j' +#;:,'/`!jc#@

Writing this hurt my brain.

This takes input through ~ and if the previous character was one of the separators (or if there was no previous character), it executes

:'``!3*j' -;

This snippet takes the character, and if its ascii value is greater than or equal to a, it subtracts 32 from it, thus changing it to upper case. If it is less than a, 3*j skips the adjustment. Afterwards, it skips the next part. This part handles changing from upper case to lower case (I'm sure it can be merged with the next part; I'm just not sure how):

:'``b*j:'/`!3*j' +#;

The character is printed (,), then this checks if the character is one of the boundaries:

'/`!

It basically compares the character to the ascii value of /. If the character is not a boundary, the code pushes 12 so that it will skip the capitalization adjustment the next time around. # skips over the end program: @, and if the end of the input is reached, ~ sends the code execution back to the @, ending the program.

Community · Accepted Answer · 2020-06-17 09:04:33Z

Ruby: 60 51 50 47 characters

$_.downcase.chars{|c|$><<$/=$/<?0?c.upcase: c}

Sample run:

bash-4.1$ for line in "${test[@]}"; do printf '%-75s | %s\n' "$line" "$( ruby -ne '$_.downcase.chars{|c|$><<$/=$/<?0?c.upcase: c}' <<< "$line" )"; done
aGeNT ACcEpT/LEngTh-tYPe USeR raNgE.TyPe                                    | Agent Accept/Length-Type User Range.Type
type&AgeNt/CC/COnteNt lEnGth#acCePT/AgeNt.RAnGe-Cc/contEnt/cODe             | Type&Agent/Cc/Content Length#Accept/Agent.Range-Cc/Content/Code
cc/rEspoNCe.lEngtH#tYpE-witH&UsEr/bEgIN&uSer.AGEnT&begIn/aCCEPt/Cc          | Cc/Responce.Length#Type-With&User/Begin&User.Agent&Begin/Accept/Cc
lENgTH#USeR.tYpE/BeGiN&LENGth tYpe/ACCEpt#rANge/codE&AnD-ACCepT/ConTenT     | Length#User.Type/Begin&Length Type/Accept#Range/Code&And-Accept/Content
contENT/ACcEpT                                                              | Content/Accept
BeGin/wITH.tyPE&conTeNt                                                     | Begin/With.Type&Content
Code.cc#User.lenGTh-USer-AND&tyPE TypE&leNgtH.tYPe usER.UseR&with           | Code.Cc#User.Length-User-And&Type Type&Length.Type User.User&With
RaNgE&COnTeNT WITh CoNTENT-TypE tyPe                                        | Range&Content With Content-Type Type
BEgin COdE#uSeR#aGeNt.USeR                                                  | Begin Code#User#Agent.User
TypE LENGth                                                                 | Type Length

Isn't l==l.swapcase the same as l<?0 (not tested)? At least for the input allowed for this task. — Howard
– Howard, Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 15:59
Yes. Now that batman emphasized that no other separators have to be expected, indeed that is shorter. Thank you, @Howard. — manatwork
– manatwork, Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 16:19

EzioMercer · Accepted Answer · 2023-01-27 09:43:57Z

3

JavaScript (string->string), 67 bytes

s=>[...s].map(a=>l=a[`to${'A'>l?'Upp':'Low'}erCase`](),l='').join``

Try it:

f=s=>[...s].map(a=>l=a[`to${'A'>l?'Upp':'Low'}erCase`](),l='').join``

console.log(f('aGeNT aCcEpT/LEngTh-tYPe USeR raNgE.TyPe'));
console.log(f('type&AgeNt/CC/COnteNt lEnGth#acCePT/AgeNt.RAnGe-Cc/contEnt/cODe'));
console.log(f('cc/rEspoNCe.lEngtH#tYpE-witH&UsEr/bEgIN&uSer.AGEnT&begIn/aCCEPt/Cc'));
console.log(f('lENgTH#USeR.tYpE/BeGiN&LENGth tYpe/ACCEpt#rANge/codE&AnD-ACCepT/ConTenT'));
console.log(f('contENT/ACcEpT'));
console.log(f('BeGin/wITH.tyPE&conTeNt'));
console.log(f('Code.cc#User.lenGTh-USer-AND&tyPE TypE&leNgtH.tYPe usER.UseR&with'));
console.log(f('RaNgE&COnTeNT WITh CoNTENT-TypE tyPe'));
console.log(f('BEgin COdE#uSeR#aGeNt.USeR'));
console.log(f('TypE LENGth'));

Jacob's variant - JavaScript (char[]->char[]), 55 bytes

s=>s.map(a=>l=a[`to${'A'>l?'Upp':'Low'}erCase`](),l='')

Try it:

f=s=>s.map(a=>l=a[`to${'A'>l?'Upp':'Low'}erCase`](),l='')

g = s => f([...s]).join``

console.log(g('aGeNT aCcEpT/LEngTh-tYPe USeR raNgE.TyPe'));
console.log(g('type&AgeNt/CC/COnteNt lEnGth#acCePT/AgeNt.RAnGe-Cc/contEnt/cODe'));
console.log(g('cc/rEspoNCe.lEngtH#tYpE-witH&UsEr/bEgIN&uSer.AGEnT&begIn/aCCEPt/Cc'));
console.log(g('lENgTH#USeR.tYpE/BeGiN&LENGth tYpe/ACCEpt#rANge/codE&AnD-ACCepT/ConTenT'));
console.log(g('contENT/ACcEpT'));
console.log(g('BeGin/wITH.tyPE&conTeNt'));
console.log(g('Code.cc#User.lenGTh-USer-AND&tyPE TypE&leNgtH.tYPe usER.UseR&with'));
console.log(g('RaNgE&COnTeNT WITh CoNTENT-TypE tyPe'));
console.log(g('BEgin COdE#uSeR#aGeNt.USeR'));
console.log(g('TypE LENGth'));

edited Jan 27, 2023 at 9:43

answered Jan 26, 2023 at 14:28

EzioMercer

1,4723 silver badges22 bronze badges

\$\begingroup\$ Nice answer! You can save a couple bytes by using character arrays instead of strings, by the way. \$\endgroup\$

noodle person
– noodle person

2023-01-26 14:41:05 +00:00
Commented Jan 26, 2023 at 14:41
\$\begingroup\$ @Jacob Thank you! Can you please show how? \$\endgroup\$

EzioMercer
– EzioMercer

2023-01-26 14:43:08 +00:00
Commented Jan 26, 2023 at 14:43
\$\begingroup\$ Just get rid of the [...s] and the .join``. It's fairly common practice on this site - see codegolf.meta.stackexchange.com/a/8964/108687. If you use this, just make sure to mention in the answer that it uses character arrays. \$\endgroup\$

noodle person
– noodle person

2023-01-26 14:50:30 +00:00
Commented Jan 26, 2023 at 14:50
\$\begingroup\$ tio.run/… \$\endgroup\$

noodle person
– noodle person

2023-01-26 14:50:47 +00:00
Commented Jan 26, 2023 at 14:50
\$\begingroup\$ @Jacob Thank you! I read the all answers. But I think it is a big cheating to define second function which do some part of my function. The conditions say that my function must return a string and accept a string so I think it isn't fair to define another function which prepare data for main function and modifies the output \$\endgroup\$

EzioMercer
– EzioMercer

2023-01-26 15:06:03 +00:00
Commented Jan 26, 2023 at 15:06

| Show 5 more comments

Mormegil · Accepted Answer · 2013-12-18 09:25:49Z

2

C# – 110

A simple finite-state-machine-based processing:

x.Aggregate(new{b=1>0,r=""},(s,c)=>new{b="-. /&#".Contains(c),r=s.r+(s.b?Char.ToUpper(c):Char.ToLower(c))}).r

(where x is the string to capitalize)

and of course, if you want to be boring (after the specification was updated), you can use

new CultureInfo(9).TextInfo.ToTitleCase(x)

or, with all the boring boilerplate:

class C{static void Main(string[]a){System.Console.WriteLine(new System.Globalization.CultureInfo(9).TextInfo.ToTitleCase(a[0]));}}

edited Dec 18, 2013 at 9:25

answered Dec 17, 2013 at 11:14

Mormegil

1,1988 silver badges18 bronze badges

\$\begingroup\$ Nah, won't compile as C# is no scripting language and you need to encapsulate this in a class. \$\endgroup\$

Pierre Arlaud
– Pierre Arlaud

2013-12-17 14:04:53 +00:00
Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 14:04
2

\$\begingroup\$ Says who? Microsoft (R) Roslyn C# Compiler version 1.2.20906.1 Loading context from 'CSharpInteractive.rsp'. Type "#help" for more information. > "foobar".Aggregate(new{b=1>0,r=""},(s,c)=>new{b="-. /&#".Contains(c),r=s.r+(s.b?Char.ToUpper(c):Char.ToLower(c))}).r "Foobar" But if you really care about the boring boilerplate, add 112 characters of it. \$\endgroup\$

Mormegil
– Mormegil

2013-12-17 15:31:59 +00:00
Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 15:31
1

\$\begingroup\$ You can cut the public and string[]a from the boilerplate \$\endgroup\$

Johnbot
– Johnbot

2013-12-17 17:34:36 +00:00
Commented Dec 17, 2013 at 17:34
\$\begingroup\$ Oh yeah, you’re right with public, but I need the arguments, as that is what I process… \$\endgroup\$

Mormegil
– Mormegil

2013-12-18 09:25:10 +00:00
Commented Dec 18, 2013 at 9:25

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Community · Accepted Answer · 2020-06-17 09:04:33Z

2

Javascript 102

prompt().split(o=q='').map(function(c){o+=(q)?c.toLowerCase():c.toUpperCase(),q=('A'>c)?0:1})
alert(o)

edited Jun 17, 2020 at 9:04

CommunityBot

1

answered Dec 20, 2013 at 23:16

wolfhammer

1,2399 silver badges7 bronze badges

\$\begingroup\$ You need no (…) around the ternary condition. Even more, you not need the second ternary: function(c){o+=q?c.toLowerCase():c.toUpperCase(),q='@'<c}. \$\endgroup\$

manatwork
– manatwork

2013-12-30 09:34:50 +00:00
Commented Dec 30, 2013 at 9:34

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Darren Stone · Accepted Answer · 2013-12-21 18:16:29Z

2

Forth, 135

: s swap ;
: c 1 begin key dup 96 > if s if 32 - then 0 s 
else dup 64 > if s 0= if 32 + then 0 s then else 1 s then then emit again ; c

Translated output is written to stdout as it reads from stdin.

edited Dec 21, 2013 at 18:16

answered Dec 17, 2013 at 11:37

Darren Stone

5,2331 gold badge20 silver badges27 bronze badges

1

\$\begingroup\$ "then then emit again" rhyming with forth! \$\endgroup\$

cat
– cat

2016-03-30 22:25:59 +00:00
Commented Mar 30, 2016 at 22:25

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FireFly · Accepted Answer · 2013-12-21 19:21:18Z

2

Befunge-98 (29), C (65)

Since the method/algorithm is pretty much the same, I include both versions in the same post. Both rely on keeping track of whether the last character was a symbol or letter, in order to know whether to lowercase a letter or not.

Befunge-98 (29)

#@~:'0` #v_,0>
',++@'% '<   ^

C (65)

c,d;main(){for(;~(c=getchar());d=c>48)putchar(c<48?c:c&95|32*d);}

answered Dec 21, 2013 at 19:21

FireFly

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Matthew Jensen · Accepted Answer · 2019-10-03 23:58:54Z

2

Python 3, 122 bytes

lambda s:''.join(chr(ord(c)+[[0,0],[0,32],[-32,0]][('@'<c<'[')-('`'<c<'{')]['@'<p<'['or'`'<p<'{'])for c,p in zip(s,'-'+s))

Try it online!

Not a great score, but I wanted to try it without builtin string operations for case changing.

answered Oct 3, 2019 at 23:58

Matthew Jensen

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Robert Benson · Accepted Answer · 2023-01-31 16:07:06Z

2

AWK, 113 103 98 bytes

{OFS=""
for(n=split($0,a,"");i<=n;s=a[++i]){$i=(L?tolower(s):toupper(s))
L=!(index("-. /&#",s))}}1

Try it online!

This works fine for single line content, but for multi-line input a few more inits need to be added

AWK, 104 bytes

{OFS=i=s=L=""
for(n=split($0,a,"");i<=n;s=a[++i]){$i=(L?tolower(s):toupper(s))
L=!(index("-. /&#",s))}}1

Try it online!

It would have been nice to take advantage of AWK's automatic splitting of a record into fields and modifying said fields, but that throws away the field separators. :(

This update throws away the idea of tacking characters onto a string and then printing the string. Instead, each character becomes its own field. Without the OFS="" bit, each character/field would be separated by a space when printed, which isn't what was requested.

Realizing that "" is essentially the same thing as 0 in AWK shortens the byte-count for the multi-line version a little bit. (I know it's different... I said 'essentially' :p )

edited Jan 31, 2023 at 16:07

answered Mar 29, 2016 at 19:46

Robert Benson

1,76711 silver badges13 bronze badges

1

\$\begingroup\$ Are you sure? None of the codes seems to produce the required output neither with gawk, mawk or original-awk. (Tested on Ubuntu.) \$\endgroup\$

manatwork
– manatwork

2016-03-30 07:31:14 +00:00
Commented Mar 30, 2016 at 7:31
\$\begingroup\$ It was written using gawk on an RHEL6 box, but then transcribed to a windows box. There could very well be a transcription issue. I'll try testing after work when I can do testing and posting on the same machine.... I think I see the issue, anyway. l=0 should be L=0 \$\endgroup\$

Robert Benson
– Robert Benson

2016-03-30 12:53:25 +00:00
Commented Mar 30, 2016 at 12:53
\$\begingroup\$ Hopefully it works now, @manatwork . Thanks for the testing. :) \$\endgroup\$

Robert Benson
– Robert Benson

2016-03-30 12:58:44 +00:00
Commented Mar 30, 2016 at 12:58
1

\$\begingroup\$ Now seems to work correctly. Not checked all test cases, but seems to be possible to reduce it a bit: {for(l=split($0,a,$0="");i<=l;s=a[++i]){$0=$0(L?toupper(s):tolower(s));L=index("-. /&#",s)}}1. \$\endgroup\$

manatwork
– manatwork

2016-03-30 13:23:06 +00:00
Commented Mar 30, 2016 at 13:23
\$\begingroup\$ I like your use of changing $0 and the 1 label to avoid the print command are things I haven't thought of doing. I'll have to keep it in mind for future golfing :) \$\endgroup\$

Robert Benson
– Robert Benson

2016-03-30 14:07:45 +00:00
Commented Mar 30, 2016 at 14:07

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DLosc · Accepted Answer · 2018-09-19 21:44:42Z

1

QBasic, 74 bytes

1c$=LCASE$(INPUT$(1))
IF f=0THEN c$=UCASE$(c$)
f=c$>"@
?c$;
IF""<c$GOTO 1

Bytes are counted in CP-437; is a single byte (character code 20).

The input method here is a bit strange: characters are typed one at a time, and their capitalization is converted before they are displayed. So when you type in aGeNT, it appears on screen as Agent. Hitting Enter ends the program.

answered Sep 19, 2018 at 21:44

DLosc

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Alan Bagel · Accepted Answer · 2021-12-17 00:18:50Z

1

Python 3, 9 bytes

str.title

Try it online!

answered Dec 17, 2021 at 0:18

Alan Bagel

4,2791 gold badge13 silver badges46 bronze badges

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Dom Hastings · Accepted Answer · 2021-12-17 07:43:48Z

1

Perl 5 + `-pF`, 42 bytes

$\.=~$=?uc:lc,$==index'?/.- &#',$_ for@F}{

Try it online!

answered Dec 17, 2021 at 7:43

Dom Hastings

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lyxal · Accepted Answer · 2021-12-17 11:28:16Z

Vyxal, 20 15 bytes

f:ʀĠ•ƛḣv⇩$⇧p;f∑

Try it Online!

Or, if that's too long:

1 byte

ǐ

Try it Online!

Explained

f:ʀĠ•ƛḣv⇩$⇧p;f∑
f:               # Push two copies of the letters of the input
  ʀ              # is each letter in the first copy in the alphabet?
   Ġ             # group that on consecutive elements - this has the effect of grouping words.
    •            # reshape the other copy of the letters to have the same shape as that
     ƛ           # to each sublist L:
      ḣv⇩        #     push L[0] and [lower(x) for x in L[1:]] - on single length strings this just leaves L[0] on the stack.
         $⇧p     #     uppercase L[0] and prepend it to the other list
            ;    # close map
             f∑  # deep flatten and summate to get a single string - the `d` flag would save 3 bytes here by removing this pair and allowing structure autocompletion to save a byte.

Taylor Raine · Accepted Answer · 2022-01-07 20:39:04Z

1

Excel VBA, 13 characters

In the Immediate window

?[Proper(A1)]

Function takes input from cell A1

VBScript

Set xlapp = CreateObject("excel.application")
wscript.echo xlapp.Evaluate("Proper(""BeGin/wITH.tyPE&conTeNt"")"

edited Jan 7, 2022 at 20:39

Taylor Raine

8,9732 gold badges29 silver badges53 bronze badges

answered Dec 29, 2013 at 9:34

brettdj

1394 bronze badges

\$\begingroup\$ Could you provide some help on usage? I get “Compile error: External name not defined”. (In Word 2013 on the Developer tab I clicked Visual Basic, then in Visual Basic for Application I copy-pasted your code in the Immediate window and pressed Enter.) \$\endgroup\$

manatwork
– manatwork

2013-12-29 13:29:50 +00:00
Commented Dec 29, 2013 at 13:29
\$\begingroup\$ @manatwork I should have clarified it was in Excel. You can do this from Word but the path is longer as you need to automate Excel. \$\endgroup\$

brettdj
– brettdj

2013-12-29 13:34:19 +00:00
Commented Dec 29, 2013 at 13:34
1

\$\begingroup\$ Cool. Works perfectly when VBA is started from Excel 2013. \$\endgroup\$

manatwork
– manatwork

2013-12-29 13:47:42 +00:00
Commented Dec 29, 2013 at 13:47
1

\$\begingroup\$ Works in directly in Excel as well: =PROPER(A1), also 11 bytes \$\endgroup\$

Wernisch
– Wernisch

2018-03-28 13:27:31 +00:00
Commented Mar 28, 2018 at 13:27

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bigyihsuan · Accepted Answer · 2023-01-26 14:43:45Z

1

Go, 153 bytes

import."strings"
func f(s string)(o string){c:=0<1
for i:=range s{x:=s[i:i+1]
if c{o+=ToUpper(x);c=!c}else{o+=ToLower(x)}
c=Contains("-. /&#",x)}
return}

Attempt This Online!

answered Jan 26, 2023 at 14:43

bigyihsuan

11.5k1 gold badge30 silver badges70 bronze badges

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Ashlin Harris · Accepted Answer · 2023-01-26 15:24:05Z

1

Julia 1.0, 9 bytes

titlecase

Try it online!

answered Jan 26, 2023 at 15:24

Ashlin Harris

2,1414 silver badges8 bronze badges

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The Thonnu · Accepted Answer · 2023-01-26 16:08:46Z

1

Thunno, \$2\log_{256}(96)\approx\$ 1.65 bytes

zV

Attempt This Online!

Just a built-in solution.

answered Jan 26, 2023 at 16:08

The Thonnu

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Shaggy · Accepted Answer · 2023-01-27 16:02:53Z

1

JavaScript (Node.js), 54 53 bytes

Exact same score as the RegEx approach would have been!

s=>Buffer(s.toLowerCase()).map(x=c=>x=x>64?c:c^32)+``

Try it online! (includes all test cases)

edited Jan 27, 2023 at 16:02

answered Jan 26, 2023 at 16:54

Shaggy

45k4 gold badges39 silver badges95 bronze badges

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coltim · Accepted Answer · 2023-01-27 17:45:56Z

1

K (ngn/k), 36 bytes

{,/{`c$x-32*~!#x}'_(&1,~~"a{"'_x)_x}

Try it online!

_(&1,~~"a{"'_x)_x split input after each non-letter and lowecase it, e.g. "Begin/With.Type&Content" to ("begin/";"with.";"type&";"content")
{`c$x-32*~!#x}' subtract 32 from the first character in each word and 0 from the rest (in effect capitalizing the first letter and leaving the others unchanged)
,/ flatten back into a single string and (implicitly) return

answered Jan 27, 2023 at 17:45

coltim

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Muqo · Accepted Answer · 2014-10-05 00:52:50Z

0

T-SQL, 179

DECLARE @T VARCHAR(MAX)='foo',@X VARCHAR(2),@ INT=0WHILE @<LEN(@T)SELECT @X=SUBSTRING(@T,@,2),@+=1,@T=STUFF(@T,@,1,IIF(@X LIKE'[a-Z]_',LOWER(RIGHT(@X,1)),UPPER(RIGHT(@X,1))))PRINT @T

Try the SELECT version in SQL Server 2012 here.

Replace "foo" with the input string. The char count is for a zero-length string. This code traverses the string using an index, uppercasing or lowercasing the character at that position based on the previous character.

answered Oct 5, 2014 at 0:52

Muqo

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