Mapped: The Legal Age to Buy Beer Around the World
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How Old Do You Have to Be to Buy Beer?
Key Takeaways:
- Age 18 is the global norm for buying beer across the countries in the dataset.
- Thirteen countries set the minimum at 16, while Burkina Faso has the lowest listed age at 13.
- Some countries report no legal minimum age, while others prohibit beer sales altogether.
Around the world, the legal age for buying a beer ranges from 13 to 25, with significant differences between countries.
This graphic uses the latest available country-level data from the WHO Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH). It specifically measures minimum ages for off-premise beer sales, such as purchases from stores, rather than drinking or being served alcohol in bars and restaurants.
18 Is the Global Norm
The table below shows the latest available WHO minimum age for purchasing beer off-premise by country.
| Country (WHO name) | WHO region | Minimum age to buy beer (off-premise) |
|---|---|---|
| 🇧🇫 Burkina Faso | Africa | 13 |
| 🇨🇮 Cote d'Ivoire | Africa | 14 |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Europe | 16 |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | Europe | 16 |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | Europe | 16 |
| 🇩🇲 Dominica | Americas | 16 |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Europe | 16 |
| 🇬🇩 Grenada | Americas | 16 |
| 🇬🇾 Guyana | Americas | 16 |
| 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | Europe | 16 |
| 🇫🇲 Micronesia (Federated States of) | Western Pacific | 16 |
| 🇱🇨 Saint Lucia | Americas | 16 |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Europe | 16 |
| 🇸🇹 Sao Tome and Principe | Africa | 16 |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Europe | 16 |
| 🇲🇹 Malta | Europe | 17 |
| 🇦🇱 Albania | Europe | 18 |
| 🇩🇿 Algeria | Africa | 18 |
| 🇦🇩 Andorra | Europe | 18 |
| 🇦🇴 Angola | Africa | 18 |
| 🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda | Americas | 18 |
| 🇦🇷 Argentina | Americas | 18 |
| 🇦🇲 Armenia | Europe | 18 |
| 🇦🇺 Australia | Western Pacific | 18 |
| 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan | Europe | 18 |
| 🇧🇸 Bahamas | Americas | 18 |
| 🇧🇭 Bahrain | Eastern Mediterranean | 18 |
| 🇧🇧 Barbados | Americas | 18 |
| 🇧🇾 Belarus | Europe | 18 |
| 🇧🇿 Belize | Americas | 18 |
| 🇧🇹 Bhutan | South-East Asia | 18 |
| 🇧🇴 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | Americas | 18 |
| 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe | 18 |
| 🇧🇼 Botswana | Africa | 18 |
| 🇧🇷 Brazil | Americas | 18 |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | Europe | 18 |
| 🇧🇮 Burundi | Africa | 18 |
| 🇨🇻 Cabo Verde | Africa | 18 |
| 🇨🇲 Cameroon | Africa | 18 |
| 🇹🇩 Chad | Africa | 18 |
| 🇨🇱 Chile | Americas | 18 |
| 🇨🇳 China | Western Pacific | 18 |
| 🇨🇴 Colombia | Americas | 18 |
| 🇨🇬 Congo | Africa | 18 |
| 🇨🇰 Cook Islands | Western Pacific | 18 |
| 🇨🇷 Costa Rica | Americas | 18 |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | Europe | 18 |
| 🇨🇺 Cuba | Americas | 18 |
| 🇨🇾 Cyprus | Europe | 18 |
| 🇨🇿 Czechia | Europe | 18 |
| 🇰🇵 Democratic People's Republic of Korea | South-East Asia | 18 |
| 🇨🇩 Democratic Republic of the Congo | Africa | 18 |
| 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic | Americas | 18 |
| 🇪🇨 Ecuador | Americas | 18 |
| 🇸🇻 El Salvador | Americas | 18 |
| 🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea | Africa | 18 |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | Europe | 18 |
| 🇸🇿 Eswatini | Africa | 18 |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | Europe | 18 |
| 🇫🇷 France | Europe | 18 |
| 🇬🇦 Gabon | Africa | 18 |
| 🇬🇲 Gambia | Africa | 18 |
| 🇬🇪 Georgia | Europe | 18 |
| 🇬🇭 Ghana | Africa | 18 |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | Europe | 18 |
| 🇬🇹 Guatemala | Americas | 18 |
| 🇭🇳 Honduras | Americas | 18 |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | Europe | 18 |
| 🇮🇳 India | South-East Asia | 18 |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | Europe | 18 |
| 🇮🇱 Israel | Europe | 18 |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Europe | 18 |
| 🇯🇲 Jamaica | Americas | 18 |
| 🇯🇴 Jordan | Eastern Mediterranean | 18 |
| 🇰🇪 Kenya | Africa | 18 |
| 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan | Europe | 18 |
| 🇱🇦 Lao People's Democratic Republic | Western Pacific | 18 |
| 🇱🇻 Latvia | Europe | 18 |
| 🇱🇧 Lebanon | Eastern Mediterranean | 18 |
| 🇱🇷 Liberia | Africa | 18 |
| 🇲🇬 Madagascar | Africa | 18 |
| 🇲🇱 Mali | Africa | 18 |
| 🇲🇺 Mauritius | Africa | 18 |
| 🇲🇽 Mexico | Americas | 18 |
| 🇲🇨 Monaco | Europe | 18 |
| 🇲🇪 Montenegro | Europe | 18 |
| 🇲🇿 Mozambique | Africa | 18 |
| 🇲🇲 Myanmar | South-East Asia | 18 |
| 🇳🇦 Namibia | Africa | 18 |
| 🇳🇵 Nepal | South-East Asia | 18 |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | Europe | 18 |
| 🇳🇿 New Zealand | Western Pacific | 18 |
| 🇳🇮 Nicaragua | Americas | 18 |
| 🇳🇪 Niger | Africa | 18 |
| 🇳🇬 Nigeria | Africa | 18 |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | Europe | 18 |
| 🇳🇴 Norway | Europe | 18 |
| 🇵🇦 Panama | Americas | 18 |
| 🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea | Western Pacific | 18 |
| 🇵🇪 Peru | Americas | 18 |
| 🇵🇭 Philippines | Western Pacific | 18 |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | Europe | 18 |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Europe | 18 |
| 🇲🇩 Republic of Moldova | Europe | 18 |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | Europe | 18 |
| 🇷🇺 Russian Federation | Europe | 18 |
| 🇷🇼 Rwanda | Africa | 18 |
| 🇰🇳 Saint Kitts and Nevis | Americas | 18 |
| 🇻🇨 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Americas | 18 |
| 🇸🇳 Senegal | Africa | 18 |
| 🇷🇸 Serbia | Europe | 18 |
| 🇸🇨 Seychelles | Africa | 18 |
| 🇸🇬 Singapore | Western Pacific | 18 |
| 🇸🇰 Slovakia | Europe | 18 |
| 🇸🇮 Slovenia | Europe | 18 |
| 🇿🇦 South Africa | Africa | 18 |
| 🇸🇸 South Sudan | Africa | 18 |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | Europe | 18 |
| 🇸🇷 Suriname | Americas | 18 |
| 🇹🇯 Tajikistan | Europe | 18 |
| 🇹🇬 Togo | Africa | 18 |
| 🇹🇴 Tonga | Western Pacific | 18 |
| 🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago | Americas | 18 |
| 🇹🇳 Tunisia | Eastern Mediterranean | 18 |
| 🇹🇷 Türkiye | Europe | 18 |
| 🇺🇬 Uganda | Africa | 18 |
| 🇺🇦 Ukraine | Europe | 18 |
| 🇬🇧 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | 18 |
| 🇹🇿 United Republic of Tanzania | Africa | 18 |
| 🇺🇾 Uruguay | Americas | 18 |
| 🇻🇺 Vanuatu | Western Pacific | 18 |
| 🇻🇪 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | Americas | 18 |
| 🇻🇳 Viet Nam | Western Pacific | 18 |
| 🇿🇲 Zambia | Africa | 18 |
| 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe | Africa | 18 |
| 🇨🇦 Canada | Americas | 18-19 |
| 🇰🇷 Republic of Korea | Western Pacific | 19 |
| 🇮🇸 Iceland | Europe | 20 |
| 🇯🇵 Japan | Western Pacific | 20 |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | Europe | 20 |
| 🇵🇾 Paraguay | Americas | 20 |
| 🇸🇪 Sweden | Europe | 20 |
| 🇹🇭 Thailand | South-East Asia | 20 |
| 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan | Europe | 20 |
| 🇪🇬 Egypt | Eastern Mediterranean | 21 |
| 🇪🇹 Ethiopia | Africa | 21 |
| 🇮🇩 Indonesia | Western Pacific | 21 |
| 🇮🇶 Iraq | Eastern Mediterranean | 21 |
| 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | Europe | 21 |
| 🇰🇮 Kiribati | Western Pacific | 21 |
| 🇱🇸 Lesotho | Africa | 21 |
| 🇲🇼 Malawi | Africa | 21 |
| 🇲🇾 Malaysia | Western Pacific | 21 |
| 🇲🇭 Marshall Islands | Western Pacific | 21 |
| 🇲🇳 Mongolia | Western Pacific | 21 |
| 🇳🇷 Naoero | Western Pacific | 21 |
| 🇴🇲 Oman | Eastern Mediterranean | 21 |
| 🇶🇦 Qatar | Eastern Mediterranean | 21 |
| 🇼🇸 Samoa | Western Pacific | 21 |
| 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka | South-East Asia | 21 |
| 🇹🇲 Turkmenistan | Europe | 21 |
| 🇺🇸 United States of America | Americas | 21 |
| 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates | Eastern Mediterranean | 21 - with restrictions |
| 🇪🇷 Eritrea | Africa | 25 |
| 🇧🇩 Bangladesh | South-East Asia | No legal minimum |
| 🇧🇯 Benin | Africa | No legal minimum |
| 🇰🇭 Cambodia | Western Pacific | No legal minimum |
| 🇨🇫 Central African Republic | Africa | No legal minimum |
| 🇩🇯 Djibouti | Eastern Mediterranean | No legal minimum |
| 🇬🇳 Guinea | Africa | No legal minimum |
| 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau | Africa | No legal minimum |
| 🇲🇦 Morocco | Eastern Mediterranean | No legal minimum |
| 🇵🇰 Pakistan | Eastern Mediterranean | No legal minimum |
| 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone | Africa | No legal minimum |
| 🇸🇴 Somalia | Eastern Mediterranean | No legal minimum |
| 🇸🇾 Syrian Arab Republic | Eastern Mediterranean | No legal minimum |
| 🇹🇱 Timor-Leste | South-East Asia | No legal minimum |
| 🇾🇪 Yemen | Eastern Mediterranean | No legal minimum |
| 🇦🇫 Afghanistan | Eastern Mediterranean | Total ban |
| 🇮🇷 Iran (Islamic Republic of) | Eastern Mediterranean | Total ban |
| 🇰🇼 Kuwait | Eastern Mediterranean | Total ban |
| 🇱🇾 Libya | Eastern Mediterranean | Total ban |
| 🇲🇻 Maldives | South-East Asia | Total ban |
| 🇲🇷 Mauritania | Africa | Total ban |
| 🇸🇩 Sudan | Eastern Mediterranean | Total ban |
| 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | Eastern Mediterranean | Banned - with restrictions |
| 🇧🇳 Brunei Darussalam | Western Pacific | No data |
| 🇰🇲 Comoros | Africa | No data |
| 🇫🇯 Fiji | Western Pacific | No data |
| 🇭🇹 Haiti | Americas | No data |
| 🇳🇺 Niue | Western Pacific | No data |
| 🇵🇼 Palau | Western Pacific | No data |
| 🇸🇧 Solomon Islands | Western Pacific | No data |
| 🇹🇻 Tuvalu | Western Pacific | No data |
Age 18 dominates the map. By comparison, 19 countries set the threshold at 21, 13 use age 16, and seven use age 20. Eritrea stands out with the highest listed minimum at 25.
Minimum-age laws are one tool governments use to limit alcohol access among young people. DrinkIQ notes that adolescence is an important period of brain and physical development, while countries balance these concerns against differing cultural attitudes toward alcohol.
Europe is particularly notable for lower purchase ages. Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and several other countries set the threshold at 16. The region also has a deeply established beer culture and includes many of the world’s biggest beer-drinking countries.
From No Minimum to Complete Prohibition
The opposite ends of the spectrum require some nuance. The WHO data lists 14 countries as having no legal minimum for off-premise beer purchases. This designation does not necessarily mean alcohol is freely available, as other national or local restrictions may still apply.
Meanwhile, Afghanistan, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, the Maldives, Mauritania, and Sudan are recorded as having total bans on beer sales. Saudi Arabia is classified separately as banned with restrictions. Alcohol rules can include exceptions based on location, residency, or other circumstances, illustrating why a simple purchase-age figure cannot capture every country’s regulatory system.
The U.S. is also unusual among major advanced economies, with a minimum purchase age of 21. The beer market itself remains highly globalized, however, with many of the largest beer brewers selling across countries with very different rules.
Learn More on the Voronoi App
For another look at the beer industry, see How Beer Logos Have Changed With the Times on the Voronoi app.
Mapped: Where U.S. Jobs Are Most Exposed to AI
See which U.S. states have the highest share of AI-exposed jobs, led by Washington, Virginia, and Washington, D.C.
Published
October 1, 2026 7:17 am
Where AI Exposure Is Highest Across the U.S.
Key Takeaways
- Washington has the highest share of AI-exposed jobs, at 5.7% of its workforce.
- California has the largest number of AI-exposed positions overall, at roughly 724,000 jobs.
- Mississippi has the lowest share of AI-exposed jobs in the study, at 1.9%.
Artificial intelligence is becoming capable of performing tasks across a growing range of white-collar and technical occupations.
This visualization maps all 50 states and Washington, D.C., by the share of workers employed in occupations considered highly exposed to AI-related disruption. It also highlights the states with the largest and smallest numbers of workers in these roles.
The data for this visualization comes from SmartAsset, using U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data and research from the Virginia Economic Information and Analytics Division. The analysis covers 26 occupations identified as having particularly high exposure to potential AI-related disruption.
AI exposure does not necessarily mean these jobs will disappear. Instead, it reflects how susceptible their tasks may be to changes such as automation, weaker hiring demand, wage pressure, or restructuring as AI tools become more capable.
Why Washington Tops the Map
Washington ranks first, with 5.7% of its workforce employed in highly AI-exposed occupations.
The state’s large technology sector helps explain its position, with companies such as Microsoft and Amazon supporting a significant concentration of software developers, programmers, database specialists, and other digital roles.
| Rank | State or District | AI-Exposed Jobs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Washington | 5.7% |
| 2 | Virginia | 4.6% |
| 3 | District of Columbia | 4.5% |
| 4 | California | 4.0% |
| 5 | Utah | 4.0% |
| 6 | Maryland | 3.9% |
| 7 | Colorado | 3.7% |
| 8 | New Hampshire | 3.7% |
| 9 | Texas | 3.6% |
| 10 | North Carolina | 3.5% |
| 11 | South Dakota | 3.5% |
| 12 | Oregon | 3.4% |
| 13 | New Jersey | 3.4% |
| 14 | Massachusetts | 3.2% |
| 15 | Minnesota | 3.2% |
| 16 | Georgia | 3.2% |
| 17 | Arizona | 3.1% |
| 18 | New York | 3.1% |
| 19 | Tennessee | 3.1% |
| 20 | Nebraska | 3.1% |
| 21 | Florida | 3.0% |
| 22 | Connecticut | 2.9% |
| 23 | Michigan | 2.9% |
| 24 | Missouri | 2.8% |
| 25 | Illinois | 2.8% |
| 26 | Wisconsin | 2.8% |
| 27 | Rhode Island | 2.8% |
| 28 | West Virginia | 2.7% |
| 29 | Kansas | 2.7% |
| 30 | Pennsylvania | 2.7% |
| 31 | Iowa | 2.7% |
| 32 | Delaware | 2.7% |
| 33 | Vermont | 2.7% |
| 34 | Ohio | 2.6% |
| 35 | Alabama | 2.6% |
| 36 | Maine | 2.5% |
| 37 | Idaho | 2.5% |
| 38 | Montana | 2.5% |
| 39 | Nevada | 2.5% |
| 40 | Alaska | 2.4% |
| 41 | South Carolina | 2.4% |
| 42 | North Dakota | 2.3% |
| 43 | Kentucky | 2.3% |
| 44 | Oklahoma | 2.3% |
| 45 | Louisiana | 2.3% |
| 46 | Indiana | 2.2% |
| 47 | Arkansas | 2.2% |
| 48 | Wyoming | 2.2% |
| 49 | New Mexico | 2.1% |
| 50 | Hawaii | 2.1% |
| 51 | Mississippi | 1.9% |
Virginia follows at 4.6%, reflecting its mix of technology firms, federal contractors, and knowledge-based employment. Washington, D.C., ranks third at 4.5%, while California and Utah round out the top five at 4.0% each.
At the other end of the ranking, Mississippi has the lowest share in the study, at 1.9%.
California Has the Most AI-Exposed Jobs
California has the largest absolute number of workers in highly exposed occupations, with approximately 724,000 positions.
Texas follows with about 500,000, while New York and Florida each have roughly 301,000.
| Rank | State | States With the Most AI-Exposed Jobs |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | California | 724K |
| 2 | Texas | 500K |
| 3 | New York | 301K |
| 4 | Florida | 301K |
| 5 | Washington | 202K |
At the other end of the scale, Wyoming has just 6,000 AI-exposed positions, followed by Alaska and Vermont at about 8,000 each.
| Rank | State | States With the Fewest AI-Exposed Jobs |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wyoming | 6K |
| 2 | Alaska | 8K |
| 3 | Vermont | 8K |
| 4 | North Dakota | 10K |
| 5 | Montana | 13K |
What Types of Jobs Are Most Exposed to AI?
The 26 occupations span technology, communications, administration, finance, and other knowledge-based fields.
Mathematicians rank as the most exposed occupation, followed by proofreaders, correspondence clerks, court reporters, and media and communication workers. Computer programmers, database administrators, web developers, software developers, writers, translators, payroll clerks, and bookkeeping workers also appear on the list.
Many of these roles involve processing information, generating or reviewing text, working with structured data, or performing routine digital tasks, all areas where generative AI and other automation tools have advanced quickly.
Still, exposure should be interpreted as the potential for jobs to change rather than a direct estimate of how many positions will ultimately be eliminated.
Learn More on the Voronoi App 
To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on the smartest AI models in 2026.
Mapped: Does Your State Trade More With China or the EU?
The European Union has emerged as an unexpected beneficiary of rising trade tensions between the U.S. and China.
Published
September 30, 2026 9:52 am
Does Your State Trade More With China or the EU?
Key Takeaways
- All but five U.S. states traded more with the European Union than China in 2025.
- China accounted for 13% of California’s goods trade, the highest share among the five China-oriented states.
- Alaska, Illinois, Oregon, and Wyoming shifted to trading more with the EU than China in 2025.
China and the European Union are two of America’s biggest trading partners, but their influence looks very different from state to state.
This U.S. map highlights which states trade more with China versus the European Union, using 2025 data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Only goods trade is included; trade in services is excluded.
A Trade War on Two Fronts
Within months of the start of President Donald Trump’s second term, the U.S. announced sweeping tariffs on dozens of economies, including major trading partners such as China and the EU.
The U.S. initially announced a 34% reciprocal tariff on Chinese goods in April 2025, which was later raised above 100% amid retaliatory measures before being reduced. Against that backdrop, U.S.-China trade fell 29% from the previous year.
The table below lists U.S. states based on whether they traded more with China or the EU in 2025.
| State | Trades More With (2025) | EU-to-China Ratio |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 🇪🇺 EU | 2.6 |
| Alaska | 🇪🇺 EU | 1.6 |
| Arizona | 🇪🇺 EU | 3.0 |
| Arkansas | 🇪🇺 EU | 3.1 |
| California | 🇨🇳 China | 0.8 |
| Colorado | 🇪🇺 EU | 2.5 |
| Connecticut | 🇪🇺 EU | 6.0 |
| Delaware | 🇪🇺 EU | 3.2 |
| D.C. | 🇪🇺 EU | 27.2 |
| Florida | 🇪🇺 EU | 3.6 |
| Georgia | 🇪🇺 EU | 2.6 |
| Hawaii | 🇪🇺 EU | 1.5 |
| Idaho | 🇪🇺 EU | 2.1 |
| Illinois | 🇪🇺 EU | 1.6 |
| Indiana | 🇪🇺 EU | 8.6 |
| Iowa | 🇪🇺 EU | 2.4 |
| Kansas | 🇪🇺 EU | 2.8 |
| Kentucky | 🇪🇺 EU | 4.3 |
| Louisiana | 🇪🇺 EU | 7.7 |
| Maine | 🇪🇺 EU | 5.1 |
| Maryland | 🇪🇺 EU | 7.0 |
| Massachusetts | 🇪🇺 EU | 3.9 |
| Michigan | 🇪🇺 EU | 1.9 |
| Minnesota | 🇪🇺 EU | 1.2 |
| Mississippi | 🇪🇺 EU | 2.0 |
| Missouri | 🇪🇺 EU | 1.6 |
| Montana | 🇪🇺 EU | 4.0 |
| Nebraska | 🇪🇺 EU | 1.7 |
| Nevada | 🇨🇳 China | 0.7 |
| New Hampshire | 🇪🇺 EU | 8.2 |
| New Jersey | 🇪🇺 EU | 4.1 |
| New Mexico | 🇨🇳 China | 0.3 |
| New York | 🇪🇺 EU | 3.3 |
| North Carolina | 🇪🇺 EU | 5.0 |
| North Dakota | 🇪🇺 EU | 3.3 |
| Ohio | 🇪🇺 EU | 2.4 |
| Oklahoma | 🇪🇺 EU | 1.2 |
| Oregon | 🇪🇺 EU | 1.1 |
| Pennsylvania | 🇪🇺 EU | 4.4 |
| Rhode Island | 🇪🇺 EU | 10.2 |
| South Carolina | 🇪🇺 EU | 2.9 |
| South Dakota | 🇨🇳 China | 0.9 |
| Tennessee | 🇪🇺 EU | 2.2 |
| Texas | 🇪🇺 EU | 2.7 |
| Utah | 🇪🇺 EU | 1.4 |
| Vermont | 🇪🇺 EU | 3.0 |
| Virginia | 🇪🇺 EU | 2.7 |
| Washington | 🇨🇳 China | 0.7 |
| West Virginia | 🇪🇺 EU | 3.4 |
| Wisconsin | 🇪🇺 EU | 2.2 |
| Wyoming | 🇪🇺 EU | 1.8 |
Four states shifted to trading more with the EU than China in 2025: Alaska, Illinois, Oregon, and Wyoming. They joined 41 other states and Washington, D.C., in the EU-oriented group.
With Illinois switching sides, every state east of the Mississippi River now trades more with the EU than with China.
How EU Trade Gained Ground
The EU was also subject to the so-called “Liberation Day” tariffs, initially facing a 20% reciprocal tariff. Following negotiations between the U.S. and European Commission, the two sides announced a trade deal in July 2025 that capped most U.S. tariffs on EU goods at 15%.
Over the full year, U.S.-China goods trade declined by more than a quarter, while total EU-U.S. trade increased from 2024.
The states trading the most with the EU were Texas ($114 billion), Indiana ($110 billion), and California ($67 billion). Indiana stands out in particular, with the EU accounting for about half of its goods trade, supported by the state’s large pharmaceutical industry and companies such as Eli Lilly.
The Five States Still Oriented Toward China
Only California, Nevada, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Washington traded more with China than with the European Union in 2025.
California led by a wide margin, recording more than $86 billion in two-way goods trade with China.
The five states have distinct industries that help explain their trade ties with China. These include California’s port-driven electronics imports, aerospace exports from Washington, and semiconductor production in New Mexico.
Learn More on the Voronoi App
To see how transatlantic trade ties are expanding, check out Revitalized U.S. Role in EU Trade since the Mid-2010s on Voronoi.
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