Maps

Mapped: The U.S. States Hit Hardest by Canada’s Tariffs

Published

September 11, 2026 4:41 am

Gabriel Cohen

Design

Miranda Smith

Map showing U.S. states based on their exposure to Canadian counter-tariffs.

Mapped: The U.S. States Hit Hardest by Canada’s Tariffs

Key Takeaways

Canada has responded to U.S. tariffs with sweeping duties on products including cheese and steel.
The Midwest and Great Lakes are among the most exposed regions, led by Ohio ($2.3 billion) and Illinois ($2.1 billion).
Several of the most affected states, including Michigan and Wisconsin, are politically important swing states.

Trade talks between the U.S. and Canada have broken down, with Canada responding to broad U.S. duties with dollar-for-dollar tariffs on key American products.

This map shows the value of exports in each U.S. state covered by Canadian counter-tariffs, using the latest data from BBC for September 2026 from Scotiabank and Statistics Canada. Figures are in U.S. dollars.

States are shaded according to the value of their exports to Canada that are subject to Canadian duties.

Tariff Blues in the Midwest

The Great Lakes region stands out on the map, reflecting its central role in the roughly $870 billion bilateral trading relationship.

Ohio and Illinois have more exports covered by Canadian tariffs than any other states, at $2.3 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively. They are followed by Pennsylvania at $1.8 billion.

The table below lists each state alongside the value of its exports covered by the new Canadian tariffs.

Rank	State	Exports covered by Canadian tariffs ($M)
1	Ohio	2,328
2	Illinois	2,058
3	Pennsylvania	1,793
4	New York	1,402
5	Wisconsin	1,362
6	California	1,355
7	Michigan	1,335
8	Texas	1,308
9	Indiana	1,251
10	Georgia	908
11	Washington	820
12	Kentucky	696
13	Tennessee	605
14	North Carolina	601
15	Minnesota	594
16	Iowa	529
17	Alabama	473
18	Maine	453
19	New Jersey	388
20	Oklahoma	380
21	Virginia	308
22	South Carolina	302
23	Massachusetts	296
24	Arkansas	287
25	Missouri	281
26	Florida	257
27	Oregon	251
28	Kansas	216
29	Mississippi	184
30	Connecticut	175
31	Utah	149
32	Colorado	136
33	Alaska	130
34	Maryland	125
35	West Virginia	124
36	Nebraska	116
37	Vermont	104
38	Arizona	102
39	South Dakota	101
40	Nevada	84
41	Idaho	78
42	New Hampshire	56
43	Louisiana	53
44	North Dakota	38
45	Wyoming	37
46	Rhode Island	22
47	Montana	17
48	New Mexico	15
49	Delaware	13
50	Hawaii	1

The state-level differences partly reflect the specific goods and sectors Canada has chosen to target.

For example, new duties on dairy products such as milk and cheese are particularly relevant for Wisconsin, which has $1.4 billion in exports covered by Canadian tariffs and is popularly nicknamed “America’s Dairyland.” Canadian tariffs are now 25% on cheese and curd and 50% on milk and cream.

Swing States in the Crosshairs

The prominence of states such as Pennsylvania and Wisconsin is not entirely coincidental. Canada’s latest round of counter-tariffs is focused on swing states and other politically important battlegrounds in an effort to pressure the U.S. to resume trade talks. Canadian Industry Minister Melanie Joly has confirmed this strategy.

This comes ahead of the U.S. midterm elections in November, as President Donald Trump’s Republican Party seeks to defend its congressional majority amid rising inflation and an unpopular war with Iran.

Canada has used this approach before. During past trade disputes with the first Trump administration, Ottawa imposed tariffs targeting products including aluminum and steel in an effort to influence U.S. trade policy. Indiana, which has $1.3 billion in exports covered by the current tariffs, is the country’s top steelmaking state.

The States Facing Canadian Tariffs

Canada’s counter-tariffs affect both large and small states. California, New York, and Texas, the nation’s three largest states by population, each have more than $1 billion in exports covered by Canadian duties.

North Dakota, for example, currently has just $38 million in exports covered by Canadian tariffs. However, the state sends more than three-quarters of its exports to Canada, leaving it particularly vulnerable if the trade dispute escalates.

The U.S. has already announced additional 50% tariffs on critical Canadian industries beginning in January 2027, raising the possibility of further Canadian retaliation.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To see the Canadian side of the equation, check out Charted: The United States Dominates Canada’s Trade on Voronoi.

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Mapped: Where U.S. Jobs Are Most Exposed to AI

See which U.S. states have the highest share of AI-exposed jobs, led by Washington, Virginia, and Washington, D.C.

Published

October 1, 2026 7:17 am

Bruno Venditti

This visualization ranks all 50 states and Washington, D.C. by the share of workers employed in occupations considered highly exposed to AI disruption.

Where AI Exposure Is Highest Across the U.S.

Key Takeaways

Washington has the highest share of AI-exposed jobs, at 5.7% of its workforce.
California has the largest number of AI-exposed positions overall, at roughly 724,000 jobs.
Mississippi has the lowest share of AI-exposed jobs in the study, at 1.9%.

Artificial intelligence is becoming capable of performing tasks across a growing range of white-collar and technical occupations.

This visualization maps all 50 states and Washington, D.C., by the share of workers employed in occupations considered highly exposed to AI-related disruption. It also highlights the states with the largest and smallest numbers of workers in these roles.

The data for this visualization comes from SmartAsset, using U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data and research from the Virginia Economic Information and Analytics Division. The analysis covers 26 occupations identified as having particularly high exposure to potential AI-related disruption.

AI exposure does not necessarily mean these jobs will disappear. Instead, it reflects how susceptible their tasks may be to changes such as automation, weaker hiring demand, wage pressure, or restructuring as AI tools become more capable.

Why Washington Tops the Map

Washington ranks first, with 5.7% of its workforce employed in highly AI-exposed occupations.

The state’s large technology sector helps explain its position, with companies such as Microsoft and Amazon supporting a significant concentration of software developers, programmers, database specialists, and other digital roles.

Rank	State or District	AI-Exposed Jobs (%)
1	Washington	5.7%
2	Virginia	4.6%
3	District of Columbia	4.5%
4	California	4.0%
5	Utah	4.0%
6	Maryland	3.9%
7	Colorado	3.7%
8	New Hampshire	3.7%
9	Texas	3.6%
10	North Carolina	3.5%
11	South Dakota	3.5%
12	Oregon	3.4%
13	New Jersey	3.4%
14	Massachusetts	3.2%
15	Minnesota	3.2%
16	Georgia	3.2%
17	Arizona	3.1%
18	New York	3.1%
19	Tennessee	3.1%
20	Nebraska	3.1%
21	Florida	3.0%
22	Connecticut	2.9%
23	Michigan	2.9%
24	Missouri	2.8%
25	Illinois	2.8%
26	Wisconsin	2.8%
27	Rhode Island	2.8%
28	West Virginia	2.7%
29	Kansas	2.7%
30	Pennsylvania	2.7%
31	Iowa	2.7%
32	Delaware	2.7%
33	Vermont	2.7%
34	Ohio	2.6%
35	Alabama	2.6%
36	Maine	2.5%
37	Idaho	2.5%
38	Montana	2.5%
39	Nevada	2.5%
40	Alaska	2.4%
41	South Carolina	2.4%
42	North Dakota	2.3%
43	Kentucky	2.3%
44	Oklahoma	2.3%
45	Louisiana	2.3%
46	Indiana	2.2%
47	Arkansas	2.2%
48	Wyoming	2.2%
49	New Mexico	2.1%
50	Hawaii	2.1%
51	Mississippi	1.9%

Virginia follows at 4.6%, reflecting its mix of technology firms, federal contractors, and knowledge-based employment. Washington, D.C., ranks third at 4.5%, while California and Utah round out the top five at 4.0% each.

At the other end of the ranking, Mississippi has the lowest share in the study, at 1.9%.

California Has the Most AI-Exposed Jobs

California has the largest absolute number of workers in highly exposed occupations, with approximately 724,000 positions.

Texas follows with about 500,000, while New York and Florida each have roughly 301,000.

Rank	State	States With the Most AI-Exposed Jobs
1	California	724K
2	Texas	500K
3	New York	301K
4	Florida	301K
5	Washington	202K

At the other end of the scale, Wyoming has just 6,000 AI-exposed positions, followed by Alaska and Vermont at about 8,000 each.

Rank	State	States With the Fewest AI-Exposed Jobs
1	Wyoming	6K
2	Alaska	8K
3	Vermont	8K
4	North Dakota	10K
5	Montana	13K

What Types of Jobs Are Most Exposed to AI?

The 26 occupations span technology, communications, administration, finance, and other knowledge-based fields.

Mathematicians rank as the most exposed occupation, followed by proofreaders, correspondence clerks, court reporters, and media and communication workers. Computer programmers, database administrators, web developers, software developers, writers, translators, payroll clerks, and bookkeeping workers also appear on the list.

Many of these roles involve processing information, generating or reviewing text, working with structured data, or performing routine digital tasks, all areas where generative AI and other automation tools have advanced quickly.

Still, exposure should be interpreted as the potential for jobs to change rather than a direct estimate of how many positions will ultimately be eliminated.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on the smartest AI models in 2026.

United States

Mapped: Does Your State Trade More With China or the EU?

The European Union has emerged as an unexpected beneficiary of rising trade tensions between the U.S. and China.

Published

September 30, 2026 9:52 am

Gabriel Cohen

Map of the U.S. showing the states which trade more with China or more with the European Union.

Does Your State Trade More With China or the EU?

Key Takeaways

All but five U.S. states traded more with the European Union than China in 2025.
China accounted for 13% of California’s goods trade, the highest share among the five China-oriented states.
Alaska, Illinois, Oregon, and Wyoming shifted to trading more with the EU than China in 2025.

China and the European Union are two of America’s biggest trading partners, but their influence looks very different from state to state.

This U.S. map highlights which states trade more with China versus the European Union, using 2025 data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Only goods trade is included; trade in services is excluded.

A Trade War on Two Fronts

Within months of the start of President Donald Trump’s second term, the U.S. announced sweeping tariffs on dozens of economies, including major trading partners such as China and the EU.

The U.S. initially announced a 34% reciprocal tariff on Chinese goods in April 2025, which was later raised above 100% amid retaliatory measures before being reduced. Against that backdrop, U.S.-China trade fell 29% from the previous year.

The table below lists U.S. states based on whether they traded more with China or the EU in 2025.

State	Trades More With (2025)	EU-to-China Ratio
Alabama	🇪🇺 EU	2.6
Alaska	🇪🇺 EU	1.6
Arizona	🇪🇺 EU	3.0
Arkansas	🇪🇺 EU	3.1
California	🇨🇳 China	0.8
Colorado	🇪🇺 EU	2.5
Connecticut	🇪🇺 EU	6.0
Delaware	🇪🇺 EU	3.2
D.C.	🇪🇺 EU	27.2
Florida	🇪🇺 EU	3.6
Georgia	🇪🇺 EU	2.6
Hawaii	🇪🇺 EU	1.5
Idaho	🇪🇺 EU	2.1
Illinois	🇪🇺 EU	1.6
Indiana	🇪🇺 EU	8.6
Iowa	🇪🇺 EU	2.4
Kansas	🇪🇺 EU	2.8
Kentucky	🇪🇺 EU	4.3
Louisiana	🇪🇺 EU	7.7
Maine	🇪🇺 EU	5.1
Maryland	🇪🇺 EU	7.0
Massachusetts	🇪🇺 EU	3.9
Michigan	🇪🇺 EU	1.9
Minnesota	🇪🇺 EU	1.2
Mississippi	🇪🇺 EU	2.0
Missouri	🇪🇺 EU	1.6
Montana	🇪🇺 EU	4.0
Nebraska	🇪🇺 EU	1.7
Nevada	🇨🇳 China	0.7
New Hampshire	🇪🇺 EU	8.2
New Jersey	🇪🇺 EU	4.1
New Mexico	🇨🇳 China	0.3
New York	🇪🇺 EU	3.3
North Carolina	🇪🇺 EU	5.0
North Dakota	🇪🇺 EU	3.3
Ohio	🇪🇺 EU	2.4
Oklahoma	🇪🇺 EU	1.2
Oregon	🇪🇺 EU	1.1
Pennsylvania	🇪🇺 EU	4.4
Rhode Island	🇪🇺 EU	10.2
South Carolina	🇪🇺 EU	2.9
South Dakota	🇨🇳 China	0.9
Tennessee	🇪🇺 EU	2.2
Texas	🇪🇺 EU	2.7
Utah	🇪🇺 EU	1.4
Vermont	🇪🇺 EU	3.0
Virginia	🇪🇺 EU	2.7
Washington	🇨🇳 China	0.7
West Virginia	🇪🇺 EU	3.4
Wisconsin	🇪🇺 EU	2.2
Wyoming	🇪🇺 EU	1.8

Four states shifted to trading more with the EU than China in 2025: Alaska, Illinois, Oregon, and Wyoming. They joined 41 other states and Washington, D.C., in the EU-oriented group.

With Illinois switching sides, every state east of the Mississippi River now trades more with the EU than with China.

How EU Trade Gained Ground

The EU was also subject to the so-called “Liberation Day” tariffs, initially facing a 20% reciprocal tariff. Following negotiations between the U.S. and European Commission, the two sides announced a trade deal in July 2025 that capped most U.S. tariffs on EU goods at 15%.

Over the full year, U.S.-China goods trade declined by more than a quarter, while total EU-U.S. trade increased from 2024.

The states trading the most with the EU were Texas ($114 billion), Indiana ($110 billion), and California ($67 billion). Indiana stands out in particular, with the EU accounting for about half of its goods trade, supported by the state’s large pharmaceutical industry and companies such as Eli Lilly.

The Five States Still Oriented Toward China

Only California, Nevada, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Washington traded more with China than with the European Union in 2025.

California led by a wide margin, recording more than $86 billion in two-way goods trade with China.

The five states have distinct industries that help explain their trade ties with China. These include California’s port-driven electronics imports, aerospace exports from Washington, and semiconductor production in New Mexico.