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I understand that

when introducing a single definition, I can use

  1. Soit n un entier.

where n is the subject and soit is the verb in the subjunctive mood, and that

when defining two similar variables, I can use

  1. Soient n et m des entiers.

where n et m is the subject and soient is the corresponding verb.

But I do not understand the grammatical structure of

  1. Soit n un entier et x un réel.

Why is a single verb soit sufficient when we actually have two separate definitions?

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  • 1
    Regarding your 3rd sentence, I have encountered both sing. & plural in print. I would write it in the plural: "Soient n un entier et x un réel." Commented yesterday
  • @FrançoisJurain Thanks. But then, what are the respective grammatical roles played by each of the remaining words in the sentence?
    – Ryan Shen
    Commented yesterday
  • 2
    They are the subject group of soient, 3rd person plural of être in the subjunctive. From this POV, "un entier" and "un réel" are in apposition to n and x respectively. Commented yesterday
  • You can also parse them as an attribute group of the subject "n et x", as in "soient n et x un entier et un réel". The sing. would be more consistent though, as in "soit n un entier et [soit] x un réel". Commented yesterday
  • @FrançoisJurain So the "soient" is not a linking verb here? I had thought that in "soit n un entier", the "soit" is a linking verb just like the "est" in "n est un entier".
    – Ryan Shen
    Commented 23 hours ago

2 Answers 2

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I think that in soit n un entier et x un réel, there is a second soit implicit after the et that we don't repeat according to the semi-official rule that repetitions are ugly. I would analyze it as meaning soit n un entier et soit x un réel with omission of the second soit.

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  • 4
    Either this, or because "soit" starting a sentence is a conjunction introducing <a bucket of things> and thus invariable no matter how many things there are in the bucket. Commented yesterday
  • 3
    @guillaume31 even if you parse "soit" as a verb, you may consider its subject to be a bucket of things & put it in the singular. Commented yesterday
  • Note the issue is for grammarians only: mere readers will grok the sentence right whether in the sing. or the plural. Mere listeners will not even suspect there might be an issue. Commented yesterday
  • 1
    @FrançoisJurain Grammarians will also consider both forms right and mathematicians might prefer the conjugated plural. LBU: Quand soit signifie « supposons, prenons », il sert d'introducteur. Sa valeur verbale est assez estompée pour qu'on le laisse invariable, mais plus d'un auteur, surtout parmi les mathématiciens, continue à le traiter en verbe.
    – jlliagre
    Commented 16 hours ago
  • I don't know French, but this feels like the correct answer to me. I would like to compare with English "Does Alice eat an apple and Bob a banana?" We do not say "Do /.../".
    – md2perpe
    Commented 15 hours ago
3

Dans ce contexte, soit n’est pas un verbe mais plutôt une conjonction de coordination et est donc invariable.

Soit, selon le dictionnaire de l’Académie française :

S’emploie pour poser les données d’un problème de mathématiques, de physique, etc. Soit deux droites A et B qui se coupent en un point C… Soit un train qui part de Brest à onze heures et roule à cent cinquante kilomètres à l’heure…

Source : https://www.dictionnaire-academie.fr/article/A9S1951

Donc, on dit bien « Soit n un entier et x un réel ». On devrait aussi écrire « Soit n et m des entiers » avec soit et non soient.

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  • On devrait ? Rien n'interdit d'utiliser la forme verbale.
    – jlliagre
    Commented 16 hours ago
  • J’ai bien dit « on devrait » et non « on doit ». Vous pouvez bien faire ce que vous voulez :)
    – gdupras
    Commented 14 hours ago
  • On devrait est ambigu et semble prendre parti.
    – jlliagre
    Commented 13 hours ago
  • Soit, je préfère dire soit.
    – gdupras
    Commented 11 hours ago
  • Thanks. But I couldn't yet relate these two dictionary examples to my question. They are both in the form "Soit qqch qui verb". By in my question, the forms are "Soit qqch définition" or "Soit qqch-1 définition-1 et qqch-2 définition-2". There is no "qui" that specifies the details of the defintion in my question. Is the "soit" still a conjonction?
    – Ryan Shen
    Commented 8 hours ago

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